臺灣物流業智慧資本之要素

在重視高績效的時代，全球的趨勢為如何靈活運用知識，來為企業創造附加價值。而這些知識如專利、人員技術等無形資產，應被視企業重要資產的一部分。目前在台灣重視企業智慧資本的多為科技、生化、醫藥等產業。而國內物流產業對於智慧資本卻甚少著墨，若要和國外UPS、FedEx等大型的物流公司相互競爭與國際化，則必須提升其智慧資本競爭力。本研究整理過去文獻，分析台灣物流產業的智慧資本會受哪些因素所影響。並將智慧資本分為人力、結構、顧客三個評估構面，再以國內上市、上櫃與興櫃等21家物流公司公開的企業智慧資本指標為衡量標的，進行迴歸分析。研究顯示，流動資本週轉率、每一員工之附加價值、每一員工之報酬與薪資等因素對智慧資本不顯著，顯示台灣物流業在物流從業人員專業度訓練及要求上有待提升，包括對物流專業人員層級及專業能力方面的要求。結構資本構面中的「組織年齡」與「營收成長率」、人力資本構面中的「員工人數」及顧客構面中的「市場佔有率」對智慧資本有顯著的影響力。本研究對於智慧資本所建構的指標，可以協助物流產業重新評估其本身的價值，亦可作為其企業規劃，決策分析執行的依據。

關鍵字

智慧資本；物流業；績效評估

並列摘要

There is a trend towards making wise use of knowledge so as to achieve high performance and provide added values for a firm. While some assets like patents, employee know-how are intangible, they indeed belong to key part of a firm's company assets. Despite its importance, the intellectual capital discussion today in Taiwan' mainly centers on the IT, bio-tech, and pharmaceuticals industries, little research has been carried out on the current development of intellectual capital in a key service industry-logistics industry. There is a long way to go for Taiwan's logistics industry if no immediate actions in this issue are taken to catch up the leading logistics competitors like UPS and FedEx. This study explores the key determinants of intellectual capital performance for 21 leading Taiwanese logistics firms in the public trading market from three perspectives: human capital, structural capital, and customer capital. Our research findings indicate that there is much room for improvement in employee qualifications and capabilities. In addition, some key elements including organizational age, growth rate, employee size, and market share are significantly associated with intellectual capital performance. It is important to establish useful intellectual capital indicators for the purpose of business valuation, strategy planning, and decision making.