科技前瞻與政策形成機制：以農業科技前瞻為例

我國科技決策體系歷經數十年的調適已有一定運作之程序，在民國87年【科技基本法】頒佈實施後更有法源上之依據。然而從「科技政策循環」之概念觀之，從目標設定、科技計畫之規劃與重要性排序、資源投入、計畫執行、管考回饋至下一階段政策目標的迴路上，仍有若干問題亟待解決。主要問題在於科技政策缺乏長期目標之導引，小規模之前瞻活動停留於學術研究階段或分散在各部會二級機關中。反觀日本、韓國與英國的國家科技政策之形成機制中早已融入前瞻的意識，定期以廣泛參與的方式形成共同願景，並發展出階段性之目標與行動方案，以作為科研資源配置之依據。其它如德國、中國、丹麥、芬蘭、挪威及泰國也不定期地舉行前瞻活動以支援政策。本研究藉由論述前瞻精神與回顧國外、內前瞻經驗，並以「2025台灣農業科技前瞻」之個案，提出前瞻活動應有之重要內涵，並嘗試發展出對全國科技會議與科技部未來運作之建議。

關鍵字

科技與創新政策；科技前瞻；科技政策循環

並列摘要

The S&T policy formulation and implementation in Taiwan have been progressed over the past several decades persistently. The promulgation of S&T Act in 1998 has provided legal basis for the policy making mechanism. However, from the concept of ”policy cycle”, including goal setting, program planning, priority development, resource allocation, project implementation and control/feedback, there are some gaps in need of efforts in the pursuit of efficient and effective policy formulation mechanism.In response to the calls for more comprehensive and systematic mechanism of S&T policy formulation, this study departs from a review of international experiences of technology foresight. With the case of Taiwan agricultural technology foresight 2025, we conclude some key success factors as the ways to make S&T policy more consistent and transparent. The study further develops the standard operating procedures for integrating the foresight activities into S&T policy formulation mechanism.