基層醫療處方藥品包裝造形之研究

本研究基於近年來醫療疏失頻傳，希望藉由藥品包裝容器造形之研究，探討如何降低醫療人員產生藥品視認錯誤的可能性。本研究設計與步驟共分成四個階段：（1）探討相關文獻及藥品包裝造形的現況。（2）總結專業藥師人員訪談。（3）對藥品包裝造形進行改良設計。（4）經由實驗設計之驗證得到研究結果，藉此提出符合藥品包裝視認的因應策略與設計準則。本研究結果為：（1）目前藥品包裝造形現況大致以瓶類包裝居多，蒐集樣本中瓶類包裝有81個，罐類包裝有38個。「神經系統藥物」、「腸胃藥物」、「抗菌劑」及「眼科製劑」採用瓶類包裝容器的比例最高，「代謝及營養劑」以罐類居多。瓶類容器以「廣口瓶」為主，形態表現上以「圓瓶」的造形為主，罐類容器以圓形「寬口罐」為大宗。（2）包裝容器表面普遍為素面且造形形態表現變化少，產生藥品包裝容器造形「同質性」過高的現象，也是認為造成「視認錯誤」的主要關鍵。特殊的「容器紋路」設計能達到藥品分類區隔作用，增加觸覺認知可降低錯誤和疏失的可能性。（3）根據專業藥師人員訪談結果得知，「造形要素」是視認過程中最優先的順序，因此藥品包裝容器的造形設計顯得格外重要，尤其觀者在遠距的條件之下，造形變化容易引起情緒上的情感變動以及主觀的意象聯結。（4）藥品包裝容器造形表現趨勢為「瓶類容器頸部上端變化」，容器造形的設計方向宜掌握該「藥理作用」的特性來展現，促使觀者產生與該藥品作用、意象的聯想。

關鍵字

基層醫療；處方藥品；包裝造形

並列摘要

In view of the fact that there are numerous reports on medical errors in recent years, this study probes the issue on how to reduce the possibility of recognition errors from medical staffs through the shapes of pharmaceutical packaging containers. The research design and steps are divided into four stages: (1) discuss the relevant literature and the current status of pharmaceutical packaging shapes; (2) summarize the interviews of the professional pharmacists; (3) provide the improved design of drug packaging shapes; (4) obtains the study results through the experimental design, so we can propose the strategy and the design criterion for easy visual recognition of pharmaceutical packaging. The study results are: (1) the shape of current pharmaceutical packaging is mostly bottle container. There are 81 bottle containers and 38 plastic containers among our samplings. ”Drugs acting on the nervous system”, ”Gastrointestinal drugs”, ”Antimicrobial drugs” and ”Ophthalmic preparations” are highly used in bottle containers. ”Metabolic & Nutrient agents” is mainly used in plastic containers. Bottle type containers are primarily with a wide-mouth opening, mostly in round shape. Plastic type containers are in round shapes with a wide-mouth opening. (2) The packages of the container are usually a plain solid color without any variations or design for visual recognition. In our study, we think the ”high homogeneity” of the pharmaceutical packaging shapes is the main key that leads to ”recognition errors”. In terms of the special design of ”container lines” can achieve the role of drug classification segments to increase the tactile awareness which will reduce the possibility of recognition errors and negligence. (3) According to the professional pharmacy staff interviews, the results show that the ”shape factor” is in the first order of a visual recognition process. Therefore, the shape designs of pharmaceutical packaging containers are particularly important, especially under conditions of viewers in the distance. The variations of shape can easily set off the emotional changes and subjective image link. (4) The design trend of pharmaceutical packaging is focusing on the variations in the top neck of the bottle container. The design of the container shape should master the features of the ”pharmacological effect” and help viewers to promote the linkage between the images and drug functions.