儲藏溫度與時間對不同品種甘藷塊根化學組成含量的影響

Effects of different storage temperature and time on general composition contents of sweet potato (Ipomoea balata L.) tuber root harvested by different management techniques

李翰宇(Han-Yu Lee) ； 馮淑慧(Shu-Huei Ferng) ； 劉景平(Jing-Ping Liou) ； 侯金日(Chin-Jin Hou)

《嘉大農林學報》 16卷1期 (2019/06) Pp. 1-27

摘要

本研究目的為探討不同管理方式及儲藏條件對甘藷塊根化學組成含量的影響；以甘藷台農57號、台農66號、台農72號三品種為材料，於2016年春作（2月）及2016年秋作（9月）於嘉義縣義竹鄉農家農田種植，以綜合性病蟲害管理、物理防治管理為處理，插植後於150天後採收，採收後甘藷塊根於不同溫度（25℃、20℃、15℃）與儲藏月份（1個月、2個月、3個月、4個月、5個月、6個月）處理，處理後取出塊根進行乾燥磨粉，並分析塊根一般成分（灰分、粗脂肪、粗蛋白與澱粉）含量，以期推估甘藷塊根最佳儲藏條件。結果顯示：2016年春作及秋作皆在兩個管理區中甘藷塊根於25℃儲藏4個月後即因腐敗而呈現缺值，5個月與6個月即無相關資料。春作兩管理區三品種在25℃儲藏4個月；20℃、15℃儲藏6個月後，在25℃有較高灰分含量、粗蛋白含量，在20℃、15℃處理皆有較高粗脂肪含量、澱粉含量；隨儲藏時間增加，灰分、粗脂肪、粗蛋白含量隨儲藏時間增加而增加，而澱粉含量隨儲藏時間增加而逐漸減少；兩處理綜合性病蟲害管理區與物理防治區在儲藏溫度與月份間對三品種塊根一般成分含量無顯著差異。秋作兩管理區三品種在25℃儲藏4個月；20℃、15℃儲藏6個月後，在25℃皆有較高粗蛋白含量，在20℃、15℃處理皆有較高灰分、粗脂肪及較高澱粉含量；隨儲藏時間增加，灰分、粗蛋白含量隨儲藏時間增加而逐漸增加，粗脂肪、澱粉含量隨儲藏時間增加而逐漸減少；兩管理區在儲藏溫度與月份間對三品種塊根粗脂肪、粗蛋白、澱粉含量皆無顯著差異，灰分含量於綜合性病蟲害管理區隨儲藏時間增加而減少，於物理防治區隨儲藏時間增加而增加；因此儲藏溫度與儲藏時間對塊根成分影響顯著。

關鍵字

甘藷 ； 綜合性病蟲害管理 ； 物理防治管理 ； 儲藏 ； 溫度 ； 成分

並列摘要

In this study, three varieties of sweet potato, TNG 57, TNG 66, and TNG 72, were used as materials for spring planting from Feb. 2016 to Sep. 2016 in the farm of Yizhu township, Chiayi County. Two treatment integrated pest management(IPM) and physical control management(PCM) were used, and it was harvested after 150 days of planting. The sweet potato roots were used different temperatures (25°C, 20°C, 15°C) and months of storage (1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months) treatments, then took out the roots and ground into dry powder, analyzed the content of general root compositions (ash, crude fat, crude protein and starch). It used to estimate the best storage conditions. The results showed that in the spring of 2016, both spring and fall crops were stored at 25°C for 4 months in the two management areas. After being stored for 4 months at 25°C, the roots showed lack of value due to corruption, so there was no relevant data for 5 months and 6 months. Three varieties at two management areas in spring storaged at 25°C for 4 months; after storaged at 20°C and 15°C for 6 months, the roots had higher ash content and crude protein content at 25°C, and had higher crude fat content and starch content at 20°C and 15°C. The content of ash, crude fat, and crude protein increased as storage time increased, but the starch content decreased as storage time increased; There was no significant difference between different storage temperature and months with two-processes (IPM and PCM) in the general composition of the roots with three varieties. In fall, the treatments of two management areas with three varieties were stored at 25°C for 4 months; after storaged at 20°C and 15°C for 6 months, the roots had higher crude protein content at 25°C and higher ash content, crude fat content and starch content at 20°C and 15°C. The ash content and crude protein content increased as storage time increased, but the crude fat content and starch content decreased as storage time increased. There was no significant difference about the two-processes (IPM and PCM) in the general composition of the roots with three varieties between different storage temperature and months in crude fat, crude protein, and starch content in the tuber roots, but ash content with IPM decreased as storage time increased, and ash content with PCM increased as storage time increased, the results showed that different temperatures and months of storage had big influence on chemical composition.

並列關鍵字

Sweet potato ； Integrated pest management ； Physical control management ； Storage ； Temperature ； Composition