化肥在中國大陸持續農業中的地位與作用

中國大陸化肥施用量1957年僅為37.6×10^4 t（養分量下同），但發展很快，1995年達到3594×10^4 t。化肥用量的增加，一是極大地改善了大陸農田養分投入與產出的平衡狀況。80年代之前，大陸農田養分處於虧缺，導致70年代中、后期土壤普遍缺氮，大部缺燐，南方開始缺鉀。進入80年代之後，隨著化肥投入比重的增加，土壤缺氮缺燐情況已有明顯好轉，但鉀素缺乏狀況仍未改變。二是促進了農作物產量大幅度提高。1995年大陸糧食產量達到465662×10^4 t，棉花產量達到450×10^4 t，分別為1965年的2.4倍和2.14倍，經濟作物的產量也有較大幅度增長。要保持大陸農業持續發展，在一段較長時間內，主要仍將依賴於化肥的增長，預測到2000年大陸化肥的需求量約在4000×10^4 t～4200×10^4 t，同時要調整氮、鉀施用比例和重視中、微量元素的施用。

關鍵字

化肥；養分平衡；增產作用；使用展望；需求量

並列摘要

In 1957, the chemical fertilizer consumption (refer to nutrient here and the same throughout this paper) was only 0.376 million tons. However, the consumption increased very rapidly. By 1995, the annual consumption increased to 35.94 million tons. Chemical fertilizer use greatly improved the balance of nutrient input and output in farmland in mainland of China. Before 1980, all three macronutrients, N, P and K were in the process Of depletion. As the result, by mid and late 1970s', most fields showed N deficiency, a large portion of land was deficient in P, and K deficiency was found in Southern Provinces. After 1980, the balance of N and P were gradually improved with increased use of N and P fertilizers. However, the depletion of soil K continued.Chemical fertilizer use significantly improved crop yields. In 1995, total grain production reached 466.62 million tons, lint cotton reached 4.50 million tons, 2.40 and 2.14 times of grain and cotton production in 1965, respectively. Production of cash crops also increased remarkably.For a sustainable development of agricultural production, chemical fertilizer use will continue to increase for a relatively long period of time. It is predicted that by the year of 2,000, the demand for chemical fertilizer will be 40-42 million tons. At the same time, the ratio of N, P and K needs to be adjusted and application of secondary-and micronutrients needs to be emphasized.

並列關鍵字

chemical fertilizer ； nutrient balance ； Crop yield response ； future outlook ； fertilizer demand

國際替代計量

化肥在中國大陸持續農業中的地位與作用

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