施用有機複肥及堆肥對不同土壤及不同作物生長期土壤肥力變化之影響

水文透過埤頭及名間二試區之水稻及玉米田間試驗，比較施用有機複肥及堆肥與化肥對土壤肥力之影響。彰化埤頭為水稻試區及南投名間為水稻－玉米輪作試區，試驗處理分為施用化學肥料、豬糞複合肥料、牛糞複合肥料、雞糞複合肥料、豬糞堆肥、牛糞堆肥、雞糞堆肥等七種處理。四重覆，完全逢機試驗設計。試驗結果顯示埤頭試區土壤施用三種複肥區之有機質顯著增加，尤以牛糞複肥有機質含量4.02%增加最為明顯。上展有效性磷，以豬、牛、雞複肥區分別為13.5、12.4、13.4 mg/kg，比化肥區10.6 mg/kg顯著增加。名間試區水稻於分繴期，豬糞、牛糞、雞糞複肥區皆比化肥區較為提升土壤有效性磷含量。土壤交換性鉀，則以豬、牛、雞複肥區，分別為76.6、88.6、73.5 mg/kg，較化肥71.6 mg/kg為高。玉米生長期間，土壤有效性養分供應，在成熟後也是以複肥區處理優於堆肥區處理。土壤pH之變化，玉米試區土壤下降程度比水稻試區為大，前者因硝化作用較強；後者因緩衝作用漸趨於平衡，維持土壤中性。土壤有效性氮及硝酸態氮之變化，不同水稻試區土壤在生長期變化不同，埤頭試區以抽穗期較高，且高於名間試區甚多，名間試區則在成熟期時累積土壤中，顯然對水稻養分吸收及產量形成不利，這也是埤頭試區水稻高產主之原因。名間玉米試區土壤有效性氮及硝酸態氮在膝高期最高，抽穗期仍維持相當高，對玉米養分吸收及提高產量有利。銨態氮之變化小，各肥料處理間亦差異不大，影響肥力很小。有機複肥及堆肥對提升土壤肥力之增進與維持較化肥為佳，前者對土壤有效性氮及後者對土壤磷、鉀之提升，效果極為明顯。對養分吸收及產量提升則以有機複肥為佳。

關鍵字

有機複合肥料；堆肥；土壤肥力；土壤類別

並列摘要

The field experiments were conducted in Pi-Tou and Min-Chan areas under rice and com rotation system. Seven fertilizer treatments, including chemical fertilizer, hog, cattle, chicken composts. The RCBD design was used for field experiments, each treatment with four replications. Soil organic matter increased in three treatments of organic compound fertilizers at Pi-Tou site. The soil available phosphorus were 13.5, 12.4, and 13.4 mg/kg in hog, cattle and chicken compound fertilizer treatment, respectively which were all higher than that in chemical fertilizer treatment (10.6 mg/kg). The soil available P in rice field at Min-Chan site, hog, cattle and chicken compound fertilizer treatments were all higher than that in chemical fertilizer treatment. The soil exchangeable potassium of hog. cattle and chicken compound fertilizer treatments were 76.6, 88.6 and 73.5 mg/kg, respectively and also al l higher than chemical fertilizer treatment (71.6 mg/kg).Changes of soil available N and NO3-N were quite different at different rice fields with corn field. In Pi-Tou rice field found highest at drawing tassel, and much higher than that at Min-Chan field. The NO3-N and soil available N accumulated at matared stage in Min-Chan field is not suitable for nutrient uptake at need time and which is also affected the rice yield as well as in Min-Chan corn field. The soil available N and NO3-N found highest at knee height stage, and also maintained relative higher at drawing tassel stage. This type of soil N distribution is much beneficial for nutrient uptake and high yield formation.Organic compo und fertilizers and composts improving soil fertility are better than chemical fertilizers, the former increased soil available N content and later increased the soil available P and exchangeable K. In terms of increasing nutrient uptake and crop yield, the organic compound fertilizers at better function than compos t and also better than chemical fertilizer.

並列關鍵字

Organic Compound Fertilizers ； Composts ； Soil Fertility ； Soil Types

國際替代計量

施用有機複肥及堆肥對不同土壤及不同作物生長期土壤肥力變化之影響

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