棗園草生栽培對土壤性質及果實品質的影響

Effects of Weed Cultivation on Soil Properties and Fruit Quality in the Jujube (Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.) Orchard

林永鴻(Yong-Hong Lin)

《土壤與環境》 16卷1&2期 (2013/12) Pp. 59-66

摘要

高屏地區為台灣棗的主要產區，果園草生栽培對土壤性質的改善應具正面效應，本試驗乃選擇具優良特性之五種草類栽植於棗園，並設置雜生草相區及對照區（清耕栽培），評估對土壤性質及果實品質的影響。結果顯示，棗園經草生栽培三個月後，植草區之土壤性質普遍優於清耕栽培區，經持續之土壤性質觀察，金腰箭舅對土壤有機質含量的提昇效果最佳，至於對土壤營養元素含量的提昇效果，以金腰箭舅區及匙葉蓮子區表現較佳，至於土壤總體密度及孔隙度的改善效果則以紅葉滿天星及蠅翼草區較佳，於101年6月將黃花蜜菜移入果園種植，初步發現，黃花蜜菜亦具果園草生栽培潛力。印度棗果實品質與產量調查結果顯示，果實品質以紅葉滿天星區及匙葉蓮子區表現較佳，產量則以黃花蜜菜區及雜生草相區表現較佳。另外，經FTIR分析各種草類的根，發現紅葉滿天星及匙葉蓮子的根所含對養分吸附的基團較多，此應與防止土壤養分的流失有關，值得進一步探究。

關鍵字

棗 ； 草生栽培 ； 土壤性質 ； 果實品質

並列摘要

Kaohsiung and Pingtung county are the most important cultivative area. Weed cultivation in orchards should be beneficial for the improvement of soil properties. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of five weeds, i.e. Alternanthera philoxeroidex Mart., Alternanthera paronychioides St. Hil., Desmodium triflorum (L.) DC., Calyptocarpus vialis Less. and Wedelia chinensis Merr. on the soil properties and quality of fruit. The results showed that the soil properties of weed cultivation were better than non-vevetative cultivation district. The soil organic matter was the highest on Calyptocarpus vialis Less. and Alternanthera paronychioides St. Hil. districts. The improvement of soil density and porosity were best on Alternanthera philoxeroidex Mart. and Desmodium triflorum (L.) DC. districts. The Wedelia chinensis Merr. was transferred to orchard on Jun., 2012, for comparison with primary weeds. We found that Wedelia chinensis Merr. had perfect effect, too. The quality of jujube on Alternanthera philoxeroidex Mart. districts were the best. The yield of jujube was the best on Wedelia chinensis Merr. and mixed weeds district. By FTIR analysis, the roots of Alternanthera philoxeroidex Mart. and Alternanthera paronychioides St. Hil. contained more sites for nutrient adsorption. It may be the important clue in the future research for nutrient preservation of weed roots.

並列關鍵字

Jujube ； Vegetative cultivation ； Soil properties ； Quality