The taxonomic composition of the acanthodian assemblage of the Karksi outcrop, Estonia, is discussed. Two new species, Rhadinacanthus deltosquamosus n. sp. (Diplacanthiformes, Diplacanthidae) and Ginkgolepis tenericostatus n. sp. (Acanthodiformes, Cheiracanthidae), are described based on isolated scales. A re-description of Nostolepis gaujensis Valiukevicius (Climatiiformes, Climatiidae) scales from this locality is also given. Three diplacanthiform taxa, Diplacanthus sp. cf. D. crassisimus (Duff), Diplacanthus sp. cf. D. tenuistriatus Traquair and Diplacanthiformes indet., are described in open nomenclature.