香港課程改革決策評析

The Critics of Decision-Making in Hong Kong Curriculum Reform

霍秉坤(Bing-Kuen Huo)

《課程與教學》 3卷1期 (2000/01) Pp. 59-78+142

https://doi.org/10.6384/CIQ.200001.0059

摘要

課程改革為重要的教育環節。在普及教育制度下，這情況更為明顯。本文旨在說明香港進行的課程改革，實施情況並不理想，原因與課程決策有很大的關係。香港課程的決策雖已朝著開放的路走，但仍然可以改進。本文分為四部份：課程改革的需要、課程改革的概況、課程決策的特色及對課程決策的建議。首先，本文說明課程改革在香港非常重要。香港作為國際城市、處於中西文化的交匯地、面對急速轉變的經濟、遇上主權回歸等因素，使課程改革更為必要。本文從經濟、政治、社會、文化、教育等方面，說明課程改革的必要性。其次，本文說明香港雖然進行了不少的課程改革，但成效卻優劣互見。歸納所舉事例的特點，其優劣與誰是課程決策者有關。第三，說明香港教育的決策，與政府的政制如出一轍，亦為行政主導、諮詢及吸納精英並行。最後，本文嘗試為香港的課程決策提出四點建議：1.改進課程決策的參與模式，應有更多的民主成分，有更多的參與者；2.課程發展需要鼓勵學校為本的課程設計，避免單純應用統一課程設計的理念；3.要重視課程的決策，重視課程專家在最高層架構的意見；4.重視專業教師的參與，使他們成為課程改革的中心。作者強調：若欲課程實施更有成效，必須注意「誰決策」的問題。如何使學校、學者、教師參與課程決策的工作，是香港教育署將要面對的重要課題。

關鍵字

課程決策 ； 課程改革 ； 教師參與 ； 教師專業

並列摘要

Curriculum reform is an important issue in education, which is especially true in the systems for mass education. This article aims to indicate that the implementation of curriculum reforms in Hong Kong lacks effective results, which closely relate to the curriculum decision. This article is divided into four parts: the needs for the curriculum reforms, the overview of curriculum reforms, the curriculum decision characteristics, and suggestions to further curriculum development.Firstly, the importance of curriculum reform in Hong Kong will be outlined Hong Kong, an international city, positioned at the center where East meets West, is facing rapid changes in economic structure, and encountering the return of sovereignty to Mainland China, make curriculum reform a necessity. Moreover, this need is enhanced by the development of mass education. Secondly, the effectiveness of different curriculum reforms will be discussed. In the discussion, the implementation effectiveness is related to 'who' makes the curriculum decisions. Thirdly, this article describes the education decisions, similar to the policy making of the Hong Kong government, which is characterized as executive based, through consultation and administrative absorption. Finally, four suggestions will be made to improve the curriculum decision mechanism: 1.To refine the participatory mode of curriculum decision by more democratic elements and participants: 2.Curriculum development should move from centralized mode to school based mode: 3. Emphasize the importance of curriculum decision, and the curriculum scholars in the decision making: 4. Emphasize the participation of professional teachers, and make them the center of curriculum reform. The author of this article stresses that to implement the curriculum effectively, the government should be aware of 'who decides'. 'How to involve school, scholars, and teachers in curriculum decisions' will be an important issue for the Hong Kong Education Department in the near future.

並列關鍵字

curriculum decisions ； curriculum reform ； teacher participation ； teacher professionalism

參考文獻

Bray, M.(1997).Education and political transition: Implications of Hong Kong's change of sovereignty.Hong Kong:The University of Hong Kong.

Bray, M.,Lee, W. O.(1997).Education and political transition: Implications of Hong Kong's change of sovereignty.Hong Kong:The University of Hong Kong.

Dalton, T. H. H.(1988).The challenge of curriculum innovation.New York:The Falmer Press.

Fullan, M.(1993).Challenges and achievements of American education.Washington, DC.:Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.

Goodlad, J. I.(1979).Curriculum inquiry: The study of curriculum practice.New York:McGraw-Hill.