教科書前導組體設計之探討

The Inquiry of Designing Advance Organizer in Textbooks

霍秉坤(Ping-Kwan Fok) ； 黃顯華(Hin-Wah Wong)

《課程與教學》 3卷2期 (2000/04) Pp. 95-114+156

https://doi.org/10.6384/CIQ.200004.0095

摘要

在學校教育中，教科書一直為傳輸課程最主要的途徑，尤以社會教育、故事讀物、語言文學為甚。更有學者認為，教科書對學生的認知起了關鍵性的作用。本文的焦點在於探討編訂教材時，必須考慮如何應用教材組織要素中的前導組體。在教師作講授者或解釋者時，均可應用前導組體，其主要目的在幫助學生掌握教學材料。首先，本文會說明前導組體在教科書設計之重要性；接著，討論前導組體之理念，第三，探討前導主組體對學生學習教科書內容產生甚麼影響；最後，說明前導組體在何種條件下更為有效。一般認為，若設計合宜，前導組體的功能顯著，如促進學習、防止干擾、提供先備知識、建立外在連結等，均對學習有正面的影響；然而，若設計不當，前導組體的效用則會失卻。

關鍵字

教科書 ； 前導組體 ； 課程 ； 學習

並列摘要

In school education, textbooks are the most important way of curriculum dissemination, especially in disciplines such as social education, history, language and literature. Some scholars even regard textbooks as the key to the cognition of students. The focus of this paper will be put on the consideration of applying the advance organizer, when editing textbooks. Advance organizer is of special use when a teacher is lecturing or explaining function, which is helpful for students to master the teaching materials. Firstly, this paper will explain the importance of advance organizer in textbook design. Secondly, the rationale of advance organizer will be discussed. Thirdly, the effect of advance organizer on student learning will be examined. Finally, under what conditions the advance organizer can perform their role in helping student learning will be described. In principle, if the design of advance organizer is appropriate, its function will be obvious. However, if the design is inappropriate, its functions will be lost.

並列關鍵字

textbook ； advance organizer ； curriculum ； learning

參考文獻

Ausubel, D. P.(1960).The use of advance organizers in the learning and retention of meaningful verbal learning.Journal of Educational Psychology.51,267-272.

Ausubel, D. P.(1968).Educational psychology: A cognitive view.New York:Holt, Rinehart ＆ Winston Co..

Ausubel, D. P.(1977).The facilitation of meaningful verbal learning in the classroom.Educational Psychologist.12(2),162-178.

Ausubel, D. P.,Novak, J. D.,Hanesian, H.(1978).Educational psychology: A cognitive view.New York:Holt, Rinehart and Winston.

Ausubel, D. P.,Robinson, F. G.(1969).School learning: An introduction to educational psychology.New York:Holt Rinehart ＆ Winston.