雖然金融市場全面開放在即,但中國大陸銀行業卻仍然身陷於龐大不良資產與資本適足率不足的困境之中。因此,探討中國大陸主要銀行的經營效率和造成其無效率之因子,乃是一個重要的課題。本研究採用隨機邊界分析法,以19家中國大陸主要銀行為樣本,衡量1998-2002年共計五年間,中國大陸銀行業之經營效率。本研究的實證結果發現,中國大陸銀行業有幾項特徵:第一,歷史包袱沉重,因此成立年限愈長,愈無效率;第二,政策負擔過多,造成銀行放款愈多,經營愈無效率;第三,股份制商業銀行的效率普遍優於政策性銀行,而政策性銀行的效率又優於四大國有行庫,顯示產權結構是影響銀行效率的關鍵性因素之一;第四,加入世界貿易組織後,銀行業整體之經營效率有提升之趨勢。
According to the contract with WTO, China must completely open her financial markets in 2007. However, there are still many serious problems in China's banking industry. It is doubt that the banks at China are capable of competing with relatively efficient international banks. Based on the data of ”Annual Statistical Book of Chinese Banking” from 1998 to 2002, this paper uses Stochastic Frontiers Model to estimate the efficiency of 19 major banks in China. We specify a translog cost function with two outputs and three inputs to examine the cost inefficiency of China's banking industry. We find that (1) the amount of loan is a negative factor to account for the efficiency of the banks at China; (2) the revenue of business is a significantly positive factor to reduce the inefficiency of Chinese banking; (3) the age of bank is significantly positively correlated to cost inefficiency; (4) stock-shared banks are more efficient than state owned banks; (5) joining WTO is a positive force to improve the efficiency of China's banking industry.