從臣民走向公民－中國大陸政治文化的變遷與民主化前景

From Subject to Citizen: The Changing of Political Culture and the Prospects for Democratization in Mainland China

林琳文(Lin-Wen Lin)

《遠景基金會季刊》 7卷1期 (2006/01) Pp. 99-141

https://doi.org/10.7063/PQ.200601.0099

摘要

改革開放以來，中國大陸的政治文化，包括民眾的政治認知、政治情感、政治評價、對權威的態度、政治效能感等，都經歷了一個逐漸變化的過程。民眾權利意識增強，政治參與意願提高，城市的社區自治與農村的村民自治成為民眾政治生活的一部分。不過，這仍稱不上是參與性公民文化。事實上，從臣民走向公民，需要的不是等待經濟條件的成熟或思想教育的培養，而首先是充分的制度安排，提供發揚公民意識和行使民主權利的機會與保障；從基層到基層以上的民主參與，從選舉到選舉以外的公共生活與公民權利，皆不例外。

關鍵字

政治文化 ； 基層民主 ； 公民文化 ； 社會主義政治文明 ； 民主化

並列摘要

Since the reforms, the political culture in mainland China, comprising popular political cognitions, political feelings, political evaluations, attitudes towards power and authority, political efficacy etc., has undergone a process of gradually changing. People’s consciousness of rights has been strengthened, and their willingness to participate in political affairs has been enhanced. Urban community self-governance and rural villagers' self-governance became parts of Chinese political life. However, it is not a participant civic culture yet. In fact, from subjects to citizens, people need not to wait for maturation of economic conditions, nor cultivation of ideological education, but first and foremost adequate institutional arrangements, which provide and protect the opportunities of carrying forward civic consciousness as well as exercising democratic rights, including not only democratic participation from grassroots to higher levels, but also public life and citizen's rights from election to other fields.

並列關鍵字

Political Culture ； Grassroots Democracy ； Civic Culture ； Socialist Political Civilization ； Democratization

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