This essay discusses the political system of Kazakhstan after its independence through the approach of neo-institutionalism, including institutional choice, institutional design, and institutional impact, then focuses on the political system itself. The paper tries to analyze that after presidential authoritarian operation of Kazakhstan for over a decade, how the political system, such as the presidential power, party system of the parliament, and president-parliamentgovernment relation, influence Kazakhstan's political transition in the future. Finally, this paper finds that not only institutional factors but also non-institutional elements which influenced the political development of Kazakhstan. The political environment of Kazakhstan is still far away from a real democracy and actually only a nominal one.