國際氣候政治的爭論：氣候正義的觀點

A Debate on International Climate Politics: From the Viewpoint of Climate Justice

楊惟任(William Yang)

《遠景基金會季刊》 15卷1期 (2014/01) Pp. 141-172

摘要

自《京都議定書》談判以來，已開發和開發中國家在減量責任分配和氣候補償議題就一直爭論不休，本文從道德角度著手，深入分析國際氣候政治的南北關係。本文發現，利益是國際氣候政治的核心，氣候正義為開發中國家提供有利的論述，合理化對抗已開發國家的行動和作為。然而，當開發中國家的人均排放量超過世界平均水準之後，已失去拒絕減排承諾的合理性，而中國氣候政策立場逐漸轉變，也將對國際氣候政治的南北關係帶來正面的影響。

關鍵字

氣候變遷 ； 氣候正義 ； 分配正義 ； 補償正義 ； 共同但有區別的責任原則

並列摘要

Developed and developing countries have been quarrelling with the distribution of for emission reduction and climate compensation since the Kyoto Protocol negotiation was set up. Notwithstanding that the Protocol, originally due to expire in 2012, was amended to accommodate a second commitment period until 2020, international climate cooperation remains stagnant. Disagreement over political and economic interests is the main cause hindering progress in constructing a global governance mechanism for climate change. Moreover, different approaches to the moral aspects of climate change taken by developed and developing countries also play a significant role. Thus, studies of conceptual loci in environmental ethics between the North and South allow us to understand international climate politics more effectively. This paper concludes that the morality of climate change advocated by the South is gradually losing its lure while the more industrialized developing countries, mainly China, have achieved many economic goals. In particular, China's per capita emission has exceeded that of the developed countries, reducing the legitimacy of her proposition for climate ethics. Relations between the North and South will surely improve in such circumstances, while China begins to adjust her attitudes toward emission reduction.

並列關鍵字

Climate Change ； Climate Justice ； Distributive Justice ； Corrective Justice ； Common but Differentiated Responsibilities

參考文獻

崔大鵬(2003)。國際氣候合作的政治經濟學分析。北京:商務印書館。

蔡學儀(2011)。中國與國際氣候政治。臺北:五南圖書出版公司。

王小鋼(2010)。共同但有區別的責任原則的解讀─對哥本哈根氣候變遷會議的冷靜觀察。中國人口、資源與環境。20(7)，31-37。

朱曉勤、溫浩鵬(2010)。氣候變遷領域共同但有區別的責任原則─困境、挑戰與發展。山東科技大學學報（社會科學版）。12(2)，33-38。

宋國誠(2011)。氣候論述權─中國應對氣候變遷公約的立場與論辯。中國大陸研究。54(3)，1-32。