中亞地區在歐亞大陸的地緣政治意涵：以麥金德的地緣政治理論為核心觀

中亞地區在歐亞大陸的地緣戰略特質，曾引起歐亞大陸權力互動關係的變動與英、俄兩國對中亞的爭奪。據此，地緣政治學家麥金德於1904年提出海權與陸權制衡的全球地緣政治觀，即「軸心地區」觀，1919年修改為「心臟地帶」理論。1943年，麥金德預視國際體系再次變動，以全球五大區域權力平衡體系取代心臟地帶理論。現今，前蘇聯崩解與中國崛起對全球權力平衡體系影響巨大，如麥金德的理論能經適當調整，則將能更適切地回應此變遷，特別是有助於理解中亞國家在歐亞大陸的地緣政治意涵。

關鍵字

中亞；中國；俄羅斯；美國；麥金德

並列摘要

Based on the nineteenth century Russian-British rivalry, Mackinder, a geopolitical strategist, developed the ＂Pivot Area＂ theory to describe the geopolitical balance between sea powers and land powers, in 1904, which he modified as ＂Heartland Theory＂. In 1943, Mackinder reviewed the changes of the international system and modified his theory again, substituting the balance-of-power of the global system among five regions for ＂Heartland Theory＂. The collapse of the Soviet Union and the rise of China reveal the possibility revising Mackinder's 1943 theory. International politics has completely changed since the collapse of the Soviet Union and with the rise of China, which has influenced the balance of power in the globe system tremendously, especially the geopolitical significance of Central Asia in Eurasia. This article follows Mackinder's theoretical context and discusses the geopolitical significance of Central Asia in Eurasia and the possibility of revising Mackinder's theory.