This paper establishes a basic framework to analyze Okinawan identity. In order to establish this analytical framework, the author conducted three levels of analysis in terms of identity formation. The first is to define the identity which has emerged in Okinawa. The second is to look at the transformation of the Ryukyu/Okinawan identity from the period of Ryukyu kingdom to the contemporary era in Okinawa through the lens of historical events that took place in Okinawa. Finally, the perceptions of interactions of Okinawa and other socio-political entities from an Okinawan perspective are examined. Historically, Okinawan identity has been characterized as being formed by Okinawan reactions to the strategic policies of Japan, the U.S. and China.