溫度對玉帶鳳蝶（Papilio polytes pasikrates Fruhstorfer）發育之影響

本試驗在網室內採玉帶鳳蝶當日產卵，分別置於20、25、30℃及室溫（25～30℃），80±5%RH，14L：10D於生長箱飼養，分別以芸香科（Rutaceae）的酸桔（Citrus sunki Hort.）葉片單隻飼養其幼蟲至成蝶，觀察各蟲期發育的變化。結果如下，在20、25、30℃下飼養，因卵孵化率偏低所導致，卵至成蝶的存活率只有33～34%，但在各蟲期之存活率皆高達85%以上。各蟲期之平均發育期，隨溫度升高而縮短之，以30℃之發育最快，自卵孵化至成蝶，其平均發育時間為26.5日，而以20℃的發育時間最慢，為56.84日，其發育時間需前者的2倍。玉帶鳳蝶發育臨界溫度，卵為10.33℃，一齡～五齡幼蟲分別為13.42℃、12.74℃、12.65℃、10.56℃、9.85℃，蛹期為12.42℃。各蟲期有效積溫，卵為60.11日度；一齡～五齡幼蟲分別為35.43日度、32.22日度、34.21日度、53.80日度、111.45日度，蛹為145.03日度；卵發育至成蝶需要488.61日度。在頭殼寬方面，雖然在不同溫度下一齡～四齡幼蟲有差異，但至五齡時並沒有顯示差異，此蝶之幼蟲頭殼寬是有一定的，達到4.57 mm方能化蛹。在幼蟲期食葉量方面，於25℃和室溫之飼養，均以第五齡幼蟲的食葉量最大，而二者總食葉量分別為215.44 cm^2、196.76 cm^2之間並無顯著性差異，此結果可提供教材使用並做為大量飼養的基本資料。

關鍵字

玉帶鳳蝶；溫度；發育；食葉量

並列摘要

In the present test, fresh eggs of swallowtail butterfly, Papilio polytes pasikrates Fruhstorfer were collected from the host in the net room. The fresh eggs were conducted in the growth chamber with 20℃, 25℃, 30℃ and room (25~30℃), 80±5% RH, and in a photoperiodism of 14 hr light and 10 hr darkness. The hatching larvae were reared with leaves Citrus sunki Hort. individually. An observation series of the swallowtail butterfly development were conducted. Results indicated that the hatching rate was low at various temperatures, but high survival rate from 1st instar larvae to adult was observed. At various temperatures, the longest duration was found at 20℃ and the shortest at 30℃. The duration at 20℃ is twice time as long as that at 30℃. The duration decreased as the temperature rised from 20℃ to 30℃. The low temperature thresholds for the development of egg, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th instar larvae, and pupae were estimated to be 10.33, 13.42, 12.74, 12.65, 10.56, 9.58, and 12.42℃, respectively. The effective accumulated temperature of egg 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th instar larvae, and pupae were 60.11, 35.43, 32.22, 34.21, 53.80, 111.45, and 145.03 day-degrees, respectively. It required 488.61 day-degrees for the development from egg to adult. In width of head capsule way, 1st instar to 4th instar were significantly different at various temperature, but 5th instar were not significantly different. Larvae with head capsule wider than 4.57 mm were destined to become pupae at the next ecdysis. The leaf consumption of each instar was calculated. Leaf consumptions of 25℃ and room temperature were 215.44 cm^2 and 196.76 cm^2, which showed no statistical significance. The results could provide information for education materials and mass production of the swallowtail butterfly.

並列關鍵字

Papilio polytes pasikrates Fruhstorfer ； temperature ； development ； leaf consumption

國際替代計量

溫度對玉帶鳳蝶（Papilio polytes pasikrates Fruhstorfer）發育之影響

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