論漢朝「相權」之演變

漢朝自一統天下後，建立一個毫無疑問是當時世界上最龐大的帝國。因此，皇帝實在沒有能力獨自完成治國的任務，他需要以丞相為首的官僚體系協助始能成事。是以，「丞相制度」的建立對漢朝的政治運作非常重要。雖然皇帝是國家唯一的領袖，但是實際政權則並不在皇帝而在「政府」，代表政府是宰相，而皇帝卻擁有任免宰相的權力。觀察皇帝用相，即可了解其治國的理念、政策及性格。所以，由漢朝「相權」之演變便可了解漢朝政治的變化，而從漢朝政治的變化，我們可以了解中國人在脫離封建後，走上中央集權之政治運作，如何在「皇權」與以「相權」為首的官僚制度中取得平衡。近代，建立民主共和之憲政政府，是國人的共識。然「民主」、「憲政」…等等諸多觀念與制度，並非我國所故有。因而，師法歐美民主先進國家之政治運作，乃為必然。但是，從立國至今九十餘年，政治一直未能上軌道。究其故，蓋中國雖走向現代化之路，但傳統的思維是無法說斷根就斷根的。任何不根著於傳統的改革，會離成功的道路愈來愈遠，政治運作尤其明顯。是以，有必要重新檢視中國傳統政治之治國方法與理念，並從中學習，以補今日之缺失。無疑的，漢朝「相權」之演變是一個相當符合這樣想法之有價值的研究課題。

關鍵字

漢朝；皇權；相權

並列摘要

To engaging as such a huge empire as Han that the emperor needs the help of a capable prime minister to rule the bureaucracy skillfully. The system of the prime minister was therefore established.As the emperor is the chief of the empire, the prime minister is the representative of the government. He was chosen by the emperor to rule the government and supported all the administrative responsibility. This is the way that the power of the charisma and the prime minister to keep in balance. When we realized how the emperor chosen his prime minister and gave him how much power, we will know the reason why the empire was strong or not.It had been a long way of China in political revolution. However, it seems not much successful in democracy. Surveying its reason, withdrew from Chinese tradition almost completely maybe is the main one. How to absorb the elite of the west democracy and assimilate our traditional thoughts to establish a new political mode of our own will be the most suitable way to resolve our political debates nowadays.

並列關鍵字

Han dynasty ； power of the charisma ； power of prime minister

國際替代計量

論漢朝「相權」之演變

全文下載

主題瀏覽