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運動或身體活動對作業轉換成本的影響

Effect of Exercise or Physical Activity on Switch Cost

摘要


人類每天皆須透過執行控制的功能,從不同的作業任務中不斷地做轉換。在轉換過程中,往往會引起轉換成本的現象,進而導致消耗額外的認知資源。本文針對作業轉換的內在心理歷程與運動介入對其產生的效益做深入的相關文獻探討。大多數研究指出運動介入或高身體活動量者確實降低轉換成本,隱涵的內在機轉可能是透過加速對反應規則的評估,或是對反應規則再配置時,提高注意力資源的動員,因而加快了刺激-反應的過程。然而,仍有需要更多相關研究支持這些假設性的觀念。

並列摘要


In daily life, humans must switch between various cognitive tasks by using their executive control function. The process of a task switch demands a cost in utilizing additional cognitive resources. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge on exercise training or increased physical activity and its relation to switch cost. Psychological processes of task switch and the effect of exercise training or increased physical activity on efficiency of task switch are described in this review. Majority of studies report that people engaging with exercise training or physical activity significantly lowers the switch costs. The proposed facilitating mechanisms includes an accelerated evaluation rate to rule, or an enhancement of attention resources while reconfiguring response rules, consequently hastening stimulus-response processes. However, more evidence is required to consolidate above hypothetical concepts.

參考文獻


王駿濠、蔡佳良(2009)。不同身體活動量老年人執行工作記憶情境下的認知電生理表現。大專體育。105,121-128。
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王駿濠、蔡佳良(2009)。運動介入對老年人認知神經生理功能的影響。大專體育。102,181-188。
石恒星、洪聰敏(2006)。身體活動與大腦神經認知功能老化。臺灣運動心理學報。8,35-63。

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