急性運動對認知表現的影響

從認知神經科學的角度探討運動對人類認知功能的影響是近幾年研究的熱門議題。運動或身體活動已被研究指出可當作認知有關疾病的非藥物性一級預防策略，不過，就目前國際上的研究結果未臻一致，其中實驗的變項操弄是影響結果的一大主因。先前國內已有數篇文章從長期運動的角度探討其對認知功能效益，因此，本文嘗試從急性運動的角度來探討運動對認知表現的影響。經文獻回顧後發現急性運動似乎是透過調節生理反應進而影響認知表現，其效益可經由認知測驗、反應速度、P3的振幅及潛時、關聯性負變(CNV)振幅等觀察得到，不過這些結果會受到運動項目、測驗的時間點、運動的強度、認知作業的特性、受試者的年齡等因素而影響，其中以運動強度的影響最大，多數研究發現運動強度會與認知表現呈現閾值或倒U關係，亦即在從事中等強度或接近無氧閾值的運動後，對認知表現的效益最大。最後，本文建議未來研究可考量在不同運動強度前後測量其血糖及溫度變化，同時對照其認知表現的變化，或許亦能從不同的角度來解釋急性運動對認知表現的影響。

關鍵字

急性效應；認知功能；事件相關電位

並列摘要

Investigating the effectiveness of exercise on human cognition from the viewpoint of cognitive neuroscience is a popular research topic in recent years. Studies indicated that exercise or physical activity could be adopted as a primary, non-medicated, prevention from cognition-related diseases. However, existing world-wide findings are still inconsistent which might be due to diversity of experimental manipulation across studies. Previous studies in Taiwan had explored the beneficial effects of engaging in long-term exercise on cognitive function. Hence, this paper tried to understand the influence of acute exercise on cognition. After reviewing previous studies, it was found that acute exercise, through regulating physiological responses, affected cognitive performances such as cognitive tests, response speed, P3 amplitude, P3 latency, and CNV amplitude. Nevertheless, the consequences would be varied resulting from experimental factors including exercise modes, timings of cognitive test, exercise intensities, characteristics of cognitive task, or age ranges among participants. Among these factors, exercise intensity was found the most significant factor in influencing cognitive performance with an inverted-U relationship, that is, the moderate exercise intensity or the intensity approaching the anaerobic threshold which would induce the most beneficial effects. Finally, it is suggested that observing changes of blood glucose and body temperature before and after different intensities of exercise need to be examined for further understanding of effects of acute exercise on cognitive function from alternative viewpoint.