綜合性運動訓練對改善老年人跌倒因素之成效

跌倒是老年人常見的事故傷害，此現象將導致日常活動功能衰退及降低生活品質，進而耗費國家醫療資源，如何有效地預防與改善，儼然已成為重要的公共衛生議題。基於跌倒非單一因素所致，歸納相關實證研究後得知採用涵蓋有氧運動、肌力訓練、伸展運動及平衡訓練的綜合性運動訓練為較佳運動療法。爰此，本文透過文獻回顧方式首先剖析造成老年人跌倒的危險因素及其評估方式，隨後提出綜合性運動訓練改善跌倒因素的具體成效；結果發現綜合性運動訓練可促進下肢肌力、平衡能力、行走能力等跌倒因素，並兼具減緩骨質流失與促進骨骼健康之功用，有效降低發生跌倒的風險。最後，冀望本論述結果能提供老年醫學及公共衛生單位作為發展預防老年人跌倒策略之參考。

關鍵字

老化；肌肉力量；平衡能力；行走能力

並列摘要

Falling is a common problem to cause injuries in the elderly. Falls leads to decline physical function and activities of daily living and reduce quality of life in older adults, and also results in enormous medical cost. Therefore, it has become the most important issues in public health to effectively prevent falls and improve functions in the elderly. However, the cause of falls is multifactor and complicated. Through the scientific evidence, the effective training program should include the combination of aerobic exercise, strengthening exercise, stretching, and balance exercise. In this review, we reported the falls factors in the elderly and the assessment of falls and summarized the therapeutic outcomes of using integrated exercise training. After proper training, older adults can improve their muscle strength in lower limbs, balance and walking abilities, reduce the loss of bone density and increase healthy bones to effectively prevent the falls risk. Finally, we hope this article may serve as a reference for developing elderly falls strategies in geriatric medicine and public health.