公園使用者身體活動研究之系統性文獻回顧

公園是提升身體活動的重要環境因素，為瞭解公園使用者特徵與身體活動量概況，採用系統觀察法已是國外相當普遍之作法。本研究目的是透過文獻回顧探討公園身體活動系統觀察法之相關研究。本研究搜尋PubMed、Scopus與華藝線上圖書館等文獻資料庫進行資料檢索（2009年1月至2019年1月）。統計結果顯示共有25篇符合本研究篩選標準，在方法學上有23篇文獻採用「社區休閒娛樂活動觀察系統」、2篇文獻採用「青少年休閒娛樂活動觀察系統」。在公園使用者特徵方面，13篇研究結果顯示公園中成人與高齡使用者（19～59歲、≥60歲）較孩童與青少年使用者（≤18歲）更多。此外，過去文獻大多為西方國家（美國17篇、澳洲3篇、巴西1篇）之研究，亞洲國家（4篇）研究則較少。綜整25篇研究結果後，有19篇研究顯示男性使用者較女性使用者多。在公園身體活動量觀察變數，包含靜態時間、站立、中度身體活動或走路、高強度身體活動，以及中度至高強度身體活動。本研究結論：整體而言，公園使用者的中高強度身體活動比例約為55.0%、靜態時間比例約為44.9%。透過觀察法可瞭解公園使用者不同強度身體活動量之概況，未來可進一步探討公園使用者身體活動量與健康之間的關聯性及觀察公園環境特徵對使用者身體活動量之影響。

關鍵字

靜態時間；站立；中度身體活動或走路；高強度身體活動；中度至高強度身體活動

並列摘要

Parks are an important man-made environmental factor that facilitate increases in physical activity. Systematic observation is a method commonly used in other countries to investigate the characteristics of park users and the outcomes of their physical activity. The purpose of this study was to present the results of a systematic review of physical activity studies. We searched the PubMed, Scopus, and Airiti Library databases for observational studies published between January 2009 and January 2019 and selected 25 articles which met our screening criteria. A review of their research methods indicated that these studies adopted either the System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC) tool (n = 23) or the System for Observing Play and Leisure Activity in Youth (SOPLAY) tool (n = 2). Most studies (n = 13) indicated that adults (19–59 years old) and older adults (≥ 60 years old) outnumber children and youths (≤ 18 years old) among the park users. The studies were conducted predominately in Western countries, including the United States (n = 17), Australia (n = 3), and Brazil (n = 1), whereas only a few investigated Asian countries (n = 4). Most of these 25 studies (n = 19) indicated that there are more male users than female users. The observed variables of physical activity outcome include sedentary time, standing, moderate physical activity/ walking, vigorous physical activity, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. We conclude that overall, the park users spent about 44.9% (median) of their time in a sedentary state and 55.0% (median) of their time engaged in moderate-to-vigorous physical activities. The systematic observation method can be used gain an overview of park users’ physical activity at different intensities. Future studies could further explore the relationship between the physical activity of park users and their health, and observe the effects of the environmental characteristics of parks on the physical activity of park users.

並列關鍵字

sedentary time ； standing ； moderate physical activity/walking ； vigorous physical activity ； moderate-to-vigorous physical activity

參考文獻

薛名淳、黃品瑄、廖邕（2017）。久坐行為流行病學之研究架構。大專體育，142 期，65-74 頁。doi:10.6162/srr.2017.142.07[Hsueh, M.-C., Huang, P.-H., & Liao, Y. (2017). A research framework for sedentary behavior epidemiology. Sports Research Review, 142, 65-74. doi:10.6162/srr.2017.142.07]

Sallis, J. F., Floyd, M. F., Rodríguez, D. A., & Saelens, B. E. (2012). Role of built environments in physical activity, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. Circulation, 125(5), 729-737. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.969022

Salvo, D., Banda, J. A., Sheats, J. L., Winter, S. J., Dos Santos, D. L., & King, A. C. (2017). Impacts of a temporary urban pop-up park on physical activity and other individual-and community-level outcomes. Journal of Urban Health, 94(4), 470-481. doi:10. 1007/s11524-017-0167-9

Santos, M. P., Rech, C. R., Alberico, C. O., Fermino, R. C., Rios, A. P., David, J., ... Mota, J. (2016). Utility and reliability of an App for the System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (iSOPARC®). Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 20(2), 93-98. doi:10.1080/1091367X.2015.1120733

Schultz, C. L., Stanis, S. A. W., Sayers, S. P., Thombs, L. A., & Thomas, I. M. (2017). A longitudinalexamination of improved access on park use andphysical activity in a low-income and majority AfricanAmerican neighborhood park. Preventive Medicine,95(Suppl.), S95-S100. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.08.036

國際替代計量

公園使用者身體活動研究之系統性文獻回顧

全文下載

主題瀏覽