- 期刊
中重度肢體障礙者地板滾球運動訓練的評估與策略
Assessment and Strategies of Boccia Training for People With Moderate to Severe Physical Disabilities
摘要
肢體障礙者因先天或後天動作限制，若長期缺乏運動，易導致關節攣縮、心肺耐力衰退等問題，也因許多運動阻礙的因素，能選擇的運動型態有限。地板滾球運動是一項適合中重度肢體障礙者所參與的運動，且自1987年起，已列入帕拉林匹克運動會之正式運動競技項目。臺灣近年參與人數增加，然而文獻針對此項運動的相關訓練探討鮮少。本文採文獻回顧方式，目的在瞭解影響地板滾球投擲動作的可能因素，並擬定適合之運動策略。分析結果顯示影響肢體障礙者投擲動作可分為上肢操控能力及身體中軸穩定性兩面向，並受肌肉張力、肌肉力量、關節活動度等交互影響。本文使用「粗大動作功能分類系統」說明不同程度的肢體障礙者，在運動訓練前可能的評估方式，並自有氧運動、肌力訓練、伸展運動3個面向，擬定適合地板滾球運動參與者的訓練模式。同時亦針對肌肉張力問題、實證上地板滾球運動訓練策略及訓練時之相關考量提供建議。本文希冀作為肢體障礙者參與地板滾球運動之訓練方針，以助於身障者達到增進身體適能及提升運動表現之目的。
並列摘要
For people with physical disabilities, maintaining exercise habits is recommended to prevent possible joint contracture and reduced cardiopulmonary endurance. Boccia is a sport suitable for people with moderate to severe physical disabilities. Since 1987, it has been included as an official sport at the Paralympic Games. In recent years, the number of participants in Taiwan has increased, but few studies in the literature have investigated the appropriate training for this sport. The purpose of this article is to conduct a literature review to summarize the factors that affect boccia ball throwing from a biomechanical point of view and to propose further strategies. The results show that the 2 major aspects that affect the throwing movements of people with physical disabilities are upper limb manipulation and stabilization abilities. Factors such as muscle tone, muscle strength, and joint range of motion can also affect the throwing performance of people with physical disabilities. The Gross Motor Function Classification System is used in this article to illustrate the appropriate assessment methods for people with varying degrees of physical disabilities. A training model suitable for participants in boccia is derived from aerobic exercise, muscle strength training, and stretching exercise. At the same time, suggestions for addressing muscle tone problems and related considerations during training are provided. This article can offer boccia coaches and participants a recommendation guideline for optimizing sports performance.