伊斯蘭世界的運動休閒觀

Perspectives on Sports and Leisure in the Islamic World

熊道天(Tao-Tien Hsiung)

《大專體育》 157期 (2021/06) Pp. 1-12

https://doi.org/10.6162/SRR.202106_(157).0001

摘要

目前全球穆斯林人數占了世界人口四分之一，但仍然有許多人對伊斯蘭教因缺乏認識產生許多誤解。其中，不少人誤以為伊斯蘭教禁止信徒參與運動與休閒活動。本文分別從傳統伊斯蘭教經典《古蘭經》及聖訓，以及當代不同伊斯蘭教法學派之角度，目的在探討伊斯蘭世界的運動休閒觀，進一步探討現代運動休閒在伊斯蘭世界的發展。分析結果發現伊斯蘭教鼓勵穆斯林從事各類對於身體健康有益之活動，特別是跑步、摔跤、騎術、游泳以及投擲與射箭等傳統運動。但現代化之運動休閒項目不在《古蘭經》及聖訓的規範中，因此不同教法學派之宗教學者對運動休閒看法分歧。半世俗化或世俗化的穆斯林國家對運動休閒的態度較開放，君主制或保守派穆斯林國家則因盛行薩拉菲主義，排斥西方文化因而認為現代化運動休閒是西方文化的入侵，加上職業運動難以和酒精、賭博、性等伊斯蘭教中的非法事物劃清界線，使得許多穆斯林國家禁止民眾從事現代化的運動休閒。儘管如此，伊斯蘭世界在全球化快速變遷的影響下，也逐漸對運動休閒採取開放的態度，不少穆斯林國家結合運動與觀光，壯大運動產業和觀光業，或透過舉辦國際運動賽事，爭取國際地位和政治利益。本文提供新的研究議題，也能藉此更瞭解伊斯蘭世界，期盼能為臺灣運動休閒產業開創新商機。

關鍵字

穆斯林 ； 古蘭經 ； 聖訓 ； 伊斯蘭教法 ； 薩拉菲主義

並列摘要

At present, Muslims account for more than a quarter of the world's population. However, misunderstandings persist about the status of sports within Islamic beliefs. Many people mistakenly suppose that Islam prohibits followers from participating in sports and leisure activities. The purpose of this article is to explore relevant perspectives within the Islamic world by examining the traditional Islamic law of the Qur'an and Hadiths, as well as different contemporary Islamic legal schools. Results indicate that Islam encourages Muslims to engage in various activities that are beneficial to health, including running, wrestling, riding, throwing and shooting, and swimming. However, some modern sports and leisure activities are not found in the Qur'an and Hadith norms, sparking differences among religious scholars. Semi-secular or secular Muslim countries are relatively open. The socially conservative Salafist doctrine prevalent in Muslim monarchies and conservative Muslim countries, however, takes modern sports and leisure as an unacceptable invasion of Western culture. Islam draws a line against gambling, consumption of alcoholic beverages, illicit sex, and other activities, leading many Muslim countries to prohibit participation in modern sports and leisure. Nevertheless, under the influence of rapid globalization, the Islamic world is gradually adopting a more open attitude in this area. They strive for international status and promote their political interests by holding international sports events. Furthermore, combining sports and tourism has strengthened those two industries. This article provides new research topics and a deeper understanding of the Islamic world, potentially opening up new business opportunities for Taiwan's sports and leisure industry.

並列關鍵字

Muslim ； Qur'an ； Hadith ； Islamic law ； Salafist doctrine

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