藝術的相對論－作品解釋與價值判斷的新視界

Relativism of Art: New Horizon on Interpretation and Value Judgment of Art

王秀雄(Hsiu-Hsiung Wang)

《視覺藝術》 3期 (2000/05) Pp. 1-32

https://doi.org/10.6960/VA.200005.0001

摘要

無論作品意義的解釋和價值判斷，絕沒有固定的意義與客觀的價值，僅有相對的意義與價值判斷(value judgment)。筆者統合運用美學、美術史、解釋學、符號學、藝術社會學、結構主義、後構主義等學術，探討下列內容。
1.美術作品有三層次的意義：即第一層次的表面形象意義、第二層次的圖像誌意義、第三層次的背景意義。
2.作品意義的解釋，有兩學派的主張，一是「作者中心的解釋」，另一是「讀者中必的解釋」。筆者對這兩派主張，做了一番闡釋。
3.現代解釋學是站在接納與解釋者之觀點，發掘作品的背景意義與其意識形態。
4.藝術的價值判斷，亦有「客觀主義的價值論」與「主觀主義的價值論」的兩種主張。筆者對此亦詳加闡釋。
5.主觀主義的價值論是建立在享樂與功利主義上的，但是若以大多數人的最大利益與最大幸福爲判斷規准，則個人純粹主觀性價值觀，就社會化而發展成相對性的價值觀。如此價值就有層級與高低程度之別。
6.衡諸上述的藝術相對論，最後於結論處，筆者對美術教育者提出一些建言。

並列摘要

In the interpretation and value judgment of an art work it is undebatable that there is no fixed meaning nor objective value; there are only relative meaning and value judgment. This essay employs aesthetics, art history, hermeneutics, semiotics, sociology of art, Structuralism and Post-Structuralism to examine the following:
1. There are three strata of meaning in an art work: the meaning of the depicted images such as colour and form, the iconographic implications, and the connotations of the work in its social and historical context.
2. The two schools of the interpreting art works, the author-oriented interpretation, and audience-oriented interpretation, will be examined in this essay.
3. Modern Hermeneutics explores the contextual meaning of a work and ideology of art from the viewpoints of the audience and interpreter.
4. The two types of value judgments in art, the objective and the subjective, will also be discussed in detail in this essay.
5. The subjective value judgment is based on the enjoyment given and pursuit of utilitarianism. However, if the value judgment proceeds with consideration of the greatest interest and happiness of the great majority, the pure subjective value judgment of the individual will be socialized and developed into relative judgment. As a result, there will be different degrees or levels of value.
6. In the end, drawing on the relativism of art discussed above, the author would like to make some suggestions on art education.