杜甫「詩畫融通」之考察

張韶砡

《輔大中研所學刊》 9期 (1999/09) Pp. 97-116

https://doi.org/10.29444/JGICLDFJCU.199909.0006

摘要

一般研究者形容杜甫，說其「詩畫融通」，不但道出繪畫之理在杜甫詩中的運用，也足見詩聖杜甫是個深諳畫理的人，不但有畫法的主張，有對畫的評論，還有詩人獨到的審美要求。本文試擬從杜甫詩法與畫理相融的觀點出發，先一察歷來「詩畫一律」形成之由，次則試探杜甫之畫理主張，再則分析其以畫法為詩法之詩作，盼能於感時憂國的寫實詩人和滿懷不遇的愁悶沉鬱之外，另闢一方欣賞杜詩的途徑。詩、畫本來是兩個相分離的概念，但古來有逐漸融通的軌跡可尋。杜甫的詩畫融通，乃在借畫表現詩人個別的繪畫素養與議論。他不僅創作詠畫題國詩，抒發個人的畫論，更以其畫理融貫於其詩作之中，情景交融。不論寫情、寫景，或吟詠自然風物，或吟詠畫中的山水、動物、草木，都隱然有杜甫個人的繪畫理念在其中；或設色精妙如畫，或體物精微工致，或佈景如入畫境，在在都表現出其詩畫融通的創作傾向。杜甫雖不會畫畫，也沒有畫作傳世，但後人看他那一篇篇融合畫理的詩作，也似是杜甫以詩筆寫成的文字圖畫意象，毫不遜色於真用畫筆沾墨所繪的真實圖景。

關鍵字

杜甫 ； 杜甫詩與畫 ； 詩畫一律 ； 詩畫融通 ； 詩法與畫法

並列摘要

Most of researchers believe that Fu-Du, the well-known Saint Poet, merged his poetry into painting. It not only means that Du invoked the theory of painting into his poems, but also shows that Du was au fait at painting. He insisted his ground on painting methods and his criticism on painting. Differing from other poets, he had the individual judgement on the art. In this paper, based on Du's fusion of poem and painting, we try to first show the derivation of ＂Harmony of Poetry and Painting＂ in historical, and then we try to find Du's advocacy on the theory of painting. At last, from the analysis of Du's poems which invoke the theory of painting, we hope that we can find another path to appreciation of the Du's poems differing from other poems of his apprehension for Tong Dynasty and moping for his aptitude not to be found. Originally, poem and painting are two distinct concepts. From history, however, there was a track of gradual fusion to be explored. Du's fusion of poem and painting expressed his individual sophistication and argumentation in paintings. Du not only wrote poems to show his admiration with paintings and writing on pictures, but also invoked the theorem of painting within his poems to make the fusion. In his poems, he described his feeling, scenery, or natural objects in paintings such as mountains, waters, animals and vegetations. No matter what kind of scene Du described in his poems, there was always the Du's idea on painting within those poems. Most of his poems, for example, were full of colors such like paintings, nicety of object-mounted, or painted-like scenery. Such, however, showed Du's creation orientation based on his fusion of poem and painting. Though Du could not paint and not left any paintings, we can imagine the paintings constructed by the words in Du's poems. And, those virtual paintings in his poems must be better than real ones painted by using the paint-brushes.

並列關鍵字

Fu-Du ； poem ； painting ； Fusion of Poetry and Painting