《淮南子．主術訓》中君主統御觀之初探

吳淑真

《輔大中研所學刊》 12期 (2002/10) Pp. 113-131

https://doi.org/10.29444/JGICLDFJCU.200210.0007

摘要

西漢初年，淮南王劉安為因應國內政經、社會現況之需，召集門客共同合作編寫成《淮南子》一書，其中卷九〈主術訓〉係針對君主之統御提出一套具體方法。本文從解讀〈主術訓〉內容入手，分析君主統御臣屬和人民所應具備之條件和方法，主要分成四部分，前言說明〈主術訓〉之寫作背景及動機，次論君主統御必須具備之個人特質，再分別就君臣關係及君民關係，分析〈主術訓〉。中論及君主統御之術，試圖透過對〈主術訓〉文本之分析，進一步展現道家、儒家、法家三者對〈主術訓〉。思想之影響。其中有關君主治臣之術有四，包括：君主無為，臣屬有為；制定法令，施行賞罰；循名責實，專業分工；因應形勢，掌握權勢，顯示出道家和法家「法」、「術」、「勢」三派之特徵。而有關君主治民之道有三，包括：以民為本，民飢己飢；為民開利，養民教民；取下有節，應時脩備，主要表現儒家「仁愛」和「民本」之理想。

關鍵字

淮南子 ； 主術訓 ； 統御 ； 雜家 ； 劉安

並列摘要

In the early period of the West Han Dynasty, Liu An, Huai-Nan king, convened many scholars to write and compile the book ＂Huai-Nan Tzu＂ which content is extremely extensive. The ＂Chu Shu Hs□n＂ is Book Nine of ＂Huai-Nan Tzu＂. This article mainly analyzes how a ruler to manage his subordinates or his people in the ＂Chu Shu Hs□n＂. In the foreword, it describes the background of the ＂Chu Shu Hs□n＂, and explains why Liu An should achieve this article. In the second part, it is explained what special characteristic a ruler should have. In the third part, it separately aims at the relationships between a ruler and his subordinates/his people are mentioned, and then it analyzes the management method of a ruler in the ＂Chu Shu Hs□n＂. Further, it attempts to unfold those influences from Taoist, the Confucian and the Legalist to the ＂Chu Shu Hs□n＂.

並列關鍵字

Huai-Nan Tzu ； Chu Shu Hs□n ； Management ； Miscellaneous Schools (Tsa Chia)