論庾信〈哀江南賦〉的負面評價－以全祖望指其「失節」為論點

謝嘉文

《輔大中研所學刊》 12期 (2002/10) Pp. 291-312

https://doi.org/10.29444/JGICLDFJCU.200210.0015

摘要

庾信其人及其作品的評價，自古自今，正面評價較多，然清全祖望認為庾信〈哀江南賦〉中「天醉」二句是為「自文」來埋藏自己「失節」的過失。吾意不然，竊以為此乃全氏對於當代的「裂冠毀冕」者感到悲憤，因而借古諷今，故其評論庾信乃基於自身的當代意識，有其時代侷限；再者，庾信身處動亂的時代中，既無鄉可歸，又不能隱居山林，在無可奈何之中，也只能仕北，且當時人對於奉事二朝似乎司空見貫；又全絕望言其「失節」，若無進一步的說明，是不合理的，況且庾信的心始終是傾向梁朝的，他的〈哀江南賦〉處處可以見其鄉關之思，庾信在亂世之中尚且還能時時自我反省，這是值得令人稱道的。

關鍵字

庾信 ； 哀江南賦 ； 負面評價 ； 全祖望 ； 失節

並列摘要

So far, although there are more positive evaluations than negative evaluations of Yu, Xin's character and his literatures, Quan, Zu-Wang from Ching Dynasty thought the two sentences, ＂Tian Zui＂, in Yu, Xin's ＂Ai Chiang-Nan Fu＂ are used to hide his immorality. However, three points are introduced in this paper as follows, the first is Quan, Zu-Wang's values is influenced by the value of Ching Dynasty; the second is Quan Zu-Wang's ignorance of Yu, Xin's situation; the third is Quan, Zu-Wang's ignorance of the value in the Liang Dynasty. Quan, Zu-Wang's point about Yu, Xin's immorality is not objective.