聖賢氣象認知的展開－以朱子《近思錄．聖賢氣象》篇為鵠的

The Cognizing Spread of Disposition of the Sages: Regarding Zhu zi' ＂Chin ssu Iu, Disposition of the Sages＂ as an Example

盧其薇(Qi-Wei Lu)

《輔大中研所學刊》 16期 (2006/10) Pp. 153-170

https://doi.org/10.29444/JGICLDFJCU.200610.0008

摘要

「氣象」不是朱子理學思想的核心概念，而是認識個體展現道德性命的方法。朱子論述前代與當代儒者之時，往往以「氣象」做為評判其人優劣的描述語，不同於以往將「氣象」侷於描述聖人專用詞彙的框架，朱子解開了「氣象」的意義，並對「氣象」一詞做了一番詮釋性的突破；因此，探究「氣象」一詞在朱子思想中的意義與定位，也成為研究朱子學的另一個切入點。在朱子理學思想的成熟階段，密集閱讀了北宋四子的文獻，其思想發展的完成，可謂與北宋四子的關係密不可分；而《近思錄》的編馨，恰巧是朱子思想成熟後二年的巔峰狀態，是以《近思錄》儼然為朱子吸收北宋四子理學思想內涵的結穴。觀《近思錄》末卷為「聖賢氣象」，朱子將「聖賢氣象」與其餘為學方法並列成章，並置於壓軸。我們可以確定朱子直視「聖賢氣象」為入道初學者的必備知識，「聖賢氣象」與前章為學方法、修養論和倫理制度等是同時被初學者認識。因此，本文擬從《近思錄》末卷《聖賢氣象》為軸心，探討北宋四子對於聖賢氣象的諸多見解，以及朱子站在前人的成就之上，如何對「聖賢氣象」的義理範疇進行另一波推陳出新的詮釋。

關鍵字

朱熹 ； 近思錄 ； 聖賢氣象 ； 證知 ； 認知

並列摘要

'Disposition of the Sages' is the way that the man exhibits morality and anima. When Zhu zi was discussing Confucian in the previous and present ages, he judged their quality according to 'Disposition of the Sages' generally. Zhu zi searched after the traditional significance of 'Disposition of the Sages', which was different from foregoing 'Disposition of the Sages' that was limited in special description of the sage and the virtuous. Therefore, researching into the significance of the word 'Disposition of the Sages' in Zhu zi' thinking becomes another cut-in point to research Zhu zi' theory. Zhu zi read literatures belonging to the four men in Song Dynasty Song largely in the mature stage of his thinking. 'Chin ssu lu' was compiled in the second year after Zhu zi' thinking had been mature, so this book was called the fruit integrated Neo Confucianism Thinking belonging to the four men in Song Dynasty Song by Zhu zi. The last chapter in 'Chin ssu lu' is named 'Disposition of the Sages'. From relative literatures, we can confirm that Zhu zi regarded 'Disposition of the Sages' as learners' necessary knowledge. Besides, 'Disposition of the Sages' and 'Learning Method', 'Culture Opinion', 'Ethic System' of foregoing chapter is cognized by readers synchronously. Therefore, this paper will discuss the conception belonging to the four men in Song Dynasty Song of 'Disposition of the Sages', according to the center of the last chapter 'Disposition of the Sages' of 'Chin ssu lu'. In addition, it discusses how Zhu zi can explain 'Disposition of the Sages' in another new way from the fruits of fathers' researches.

並列關鍵字

Zhu zi ； Chin ssu lu ； Disposition of the Sages ； cognize ； practice