「趙氏孤兒」的歷史與歷史劇探析－以《左傳》、《史記》、《趙氏孤兒大報讐》之敘述差異為例

Text and Performance of＂Zhao's Orphan＂ discuss and analyse-With ＂ZuoChuan＂, ＂Shiji Zhao shijia＂, Yuanzaju ＂Zhao's Orphan the Vengeance＂, Of description difference is example

顏詩珊(Shih-Shan Yen)

《輔大中研所學刊》 18期 (2007/10) Pp. 193-212

https://doi.org/10.29444/JGICLDFJCU.200710.0010

摘要

「趙氏孤兒」故事的歷史與歷史劇主要是本事與新編的概念。而歷史劇與歷史之間的聯繫在於：挪用歷史，進行改寫內容而成為劇情，是擴大歷史內涵，穿插創作與想像的成份於其間而不受到局限，以衝突顯出張力，使故事發展更為精彩。在本事與新編的概念下，「趙氏孤兒」的故事最早記載於《左傳》中，與後來《史記》、元雜劇紀君祥《趙氏孤兒大報讐》的敘述，形成一種帶有差異性格的再敘述，兩者屬於史傳與戲劇截然不同的敘述載體，在屬性上向來有所差異，因此推求彼此間的敘述差異正是本文所欲探討的課題。本文先溯及「趙氏孤兒」本事，選取《左傳》、《史記》以及元雜劇《趙氏孤兒大報讐》三者為文本，以分析「趙氏孤兒」故事的敘事演變。考察其如何在《左傳》的編年敘述中，發展成《史記．趙世家》中因「下宮之難」所帶下的「搜孤救孤」，以及元雜劇《趙氏孤見大報讐》的「搜孤救孤」與復仇。彼此在「本事」與「新編」間的互異，並就其故事之情節內容與人物形象塑造著眼，探討歷史與歷史劇間敘述上的差異。

關鍵字

趙氏孤兒 ； 本事 ； 新編

並列摘要

History and history play of ＂Zhao's Orphan＂ story are mainly skills with the concept of preformance. And the history play lie in with the contact of the of history: Transfer history, carryon rewriting a content and become a plot, extend a history content, add the ingredient of creations and imagination in the in the interval and be free from localization, show tension by conflict, make a story a development more fascinating .Under the concept of the skill and the new plait, the story of ＂Zhao's Orphan＂ was jotted down in at the earliest stage ＂ZuoChuan＂ medium, with afterwards ＂Shiji Zhaoshijia＂, dollar miscellaneous play yuanzaju ＂Zhao's Orphan the vengeance＂ Of description, become a kind of bring to have difference personality of describe again, both belong to the description that history spreads with drama entirely different to carry a body, having difference usually on the attribute, so reason each other description difference of is exactly the topic that this text wants to inquire into.

並列關鍵字

Zhao s Orphan ； Text ； Performance