東晉初期皇權政治與流民集團關係的考察

An Observation on the Influence of Refugee Groups on Royal Power in the Early Periods of Eastern Jin Dynasty

劉乙樺(Yi-Hua Liu)

《輔大中研所學刊》 18期 (2007/10) Pp. 67-85

https://doi.org/10.29444/JGICLDFJCU.200710.0004

摘要

自西晉惠帝元康八年，關中地區的大飢荒使秦雍二州六郡十幾萬流民湧入巴蜀，晉朝政府已逐漸難於對民數做出有效控制，後來又歷經八王之亂，各世家大族氣焰更高，紛紛私自增納大量的依附民。至晉室渡江，大量流民南來，除了大族蔭庇流民的現象不減外，中州北人於遷徙之際，又發展出許多領流民自重的流民集團，這些大族勢力的壯大與各股集團的成立情況，對後來東晉政權在江左的立足形成深遠的政治與軍事影響。

關鍵字

塢堡 ； 流民帥 ； 流民 ； 蔭客制度

並列摘要

Two aspects dominated the politics and military activities of the Eastern Jin Dynasty: the rise of refugee groups and the uprising of aristocratic families. In 298 AD (西晉惠帝元康八年), the famine forced many people to leave the Guanzhong Area to the Bashu district. These refugee peasants were called ＂flowing people (liumin 流民).＂ At that time, the imperial court gradually lost track of the demographic landscape. Then, after the Rebellion of the Eight Kings, the aristocratic families became stronger. They accumulated powers by employing large numbers of tenant farmer, servants and slaves. These phenomena continued after the collapse of the Western Jin Dynasty. In 317 AD, the Jin court left the central plain, retreated to the south and founded the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The influx of refugees and immigrants of the north formed organized groups. On the other hand, the noble families continued to employ refugees. As a result, the development of powerful families and vagrant groups plagued the Eastern Jin court through out its 104-year existence.

並列關鍵字

castle ； exiled person command ； exiled person ； shelter system