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論《荀子》喪禮觀的模仿意涵-一個結合人類學的考察

The imitation of the funeral in "Xunzi"-A study from anthropology

摘要


本文旨在結合人類學觀點,以探析《荀子》喪禮觀的模仿意涵。首先綜述人類學者弗雷澤、范熱內普和馬林諾夫斯基三人對「死亡」和「喪禮」的看法,剖析二者於人類社會可能的涵義。再則,由此延伸,論述中國人如何理解「死亡」和「喪禮」,從而推擴至《荀子》。蓋《荀子》的喪禮觀乃以「抒發哀情」和「表現崇敬」為主要目的,而所以能達成的緣由,實是植基在「事死如事生」的「模仿」上。再次,《荀子》又將喪禮的模仿觀推源到「象天」,藉此確保了抒情空間的擴伸與存蓄。

關鍵字

荀子 模仿 抒情 象天 人類學

並列摘要


The thesis examines the imitation meaning of the funeral in "Xunzi" by the anthropology. First, I explain the viewpoints of the anthropologists James George Frazer, Arnold van Gennep and Bronisław Kasper Malinowski on death and funeral. Furthermore, I analyze Chinese how to face them and discuss "Xunzi". The main purpose of "Xunzi"'s funeral concept is to make people relieve their grief and express respect to the dead, and they can achieve because "Xunzi" advocate "imitation" and "treat the dead as the live". In addition, "Xunzi" promote "simulating heaven", thereby expanding the expressive space of the emotion.

延伸閱讀