甲骨「□」字新探

本文從甲骨中舊說「□字省體」的□字用例出發，將其在甲骨中目前所見出現過的六十餘例辭例檢出，依類組的觀念觀察其字詞關係的組合，發現其只在無名組前出現，而在祭祀類卜辭中，與□字是完全可以換用無別的。而在軍事類卜辭中，則可分為村北系與村南系兩部分來看，在村北系的□小字類以及賓組、出組之中，□字比較少出現，少數例子中是可以作為「攻伐」使用的。村南系的歷組中，其幾乎沒有用作「攻伐」的例子，而悉數以「以□方位＋方／土／丰／邦」這一辭例為特色，這組特殊辭例在村北賓組中也稍有所見。本文對這組特殊辭例提出推測，以為其表示的是商人以軍隊武裝巡視國土的四至、五方。緣此，我們提出歷組二類刻手在刻寫使用□、□字時存在異體分工的現象，在軍事卜辭中專以□字來表示｛武裝巡視｝這一類用法，而用□字來表示｛攻伐｝這類用法。最後，我們也懷疑二字的關係並不屬於諸家所稱的一字分化、簡省關係，而可能是初民為｛伐｝造的兩個構形相似但實際不同的字。

關鍵字

甲骨；伐；異體分工；字詞關係

並列摘要

This article starts from the use case of character ＂□＂ in Oracle bones, and detects more than 60 examples of words that have appeared in Oracle bones, and observes the combination of word relationships according to the concept of grouping. It was found that it only appeared before the WuMing group, and in sacrificial inscriptions, Character ＂□＂ and ＂□＂ can be used interchangeably. In military inscriptions, it can be divided into two parts: the Village-North system and the Village-South system. In the ShiXiaoZi group, the Bin group, and the Chu group of the Village-North system, the character ＂□＂ appears relatively rarely. In a few examples, it can be used as ＂attack＂. In the Li group of the Village-South system, there are almost no examples of ＂attack＂, and all of them are characterized by the phrase ＂Yi □ direction+ fang/ tu/ feng/ bang＂. This kind of special rhetoric examples are also slightly seen in the Village-North system. This article puts forward a speculation on this set of special rhetoric, to show that it is the Shang army to patrol the four to five sides of the country. For this reason, we propose that there is a different type of division of labor in the Second type of Li group when engraving and using the words ＂□＂ and ＂□＂. In the military inscriptions, the word ＂□＂ is used to express the usage of {armed patrol}, and the word ＂□＂ is used to express {attack}. Finally, we also suspect that the relationship between the two characters may be two characters with similar configurations but different in fact created by the early people for {伐}.

並列關鍵字

Oracle-Bones ；伐； Division of different type ； the relationship between words and characters

國際替代計量

甲骨「□」字新探

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