明代科舉判文析論

Analysis of the imperial examination sentences in Ming Dynasty

王筱雯(WANG, HSIAO-WEN)

《輔大中研所學刊》 42期 (2021/11) Pp. 247-271

摘要

明代科舉中，判文為第二場考試必考科目，自然有其重要性，然研究明代判文者，寥寥無幾。本文擬從《新科湖洲註釋弄丸判學評林》著手，先闡述明代科舉判文的特色，而後從天一閣的《會試錄》及《皇明貢舉考》考察判科題目，發現其出題多從吏律、戶律下手，工律、刑律較少；但在準備上，吏律必須全盤準備，戶律、刑律可以偏重於部分，兵律鮮少考卻很好準備，而禮律則是中規中矩，沒有偏重。期從梳理過程中，找出明代科舉判文的特色，以及考官出題的脈絡，對於明代考判有進一步認識。

關鍵字

科舉 ； 明代科舉 ； 判 ； 《大明律》 ； 《皇明貢舉考》

並列摘要

In the imperial examinations of the Ming Dynasty, judging text was a compulsory subject in the second examination, which naturally had its essence. However, there were very few people studying judging texts in the Ming Dynasty. Here I intend to start with the ＂Xinke Huzhou Annotation Nongwan Judgment Review Forest＂, first complete the characteristics of the imperial examinations in the Ming Dynasty, and then examine the translation of the judgment section from the ＂Examination Records＂ and ＂Huangming Gongju Kao＂ of Tianyi Pavilion. It is found that the questions are mostly based on the law of officials, the law of households, the law of work, and the law of criminals. But in preparation, the law of officials must be fully prepared. The law of households and criminal law can be partial. The law of soldiers is rarely tested but it is well prepared. The law is quite satisfactory, without emphasis. In the process of combing, I discovered the characteristics of the imperial examinations in the Ming Dynasty and the context of the examiners' questions, which provided a better understanding of the Ming Dynasty's examination and judgment.

並列關鍵字

Imperial examination ； Ming Dynasty Imperial Examination ； Judgment ； ＂LawofDaming＂ ； ＂Examination of Imperial Examination＂