治療型人類乳突病毒疫苗－現在與未來

研究發現感染人類乳突病毒與許多惡性腫瘤相關，因此提供了一個很好的機會利用免疫治療來治療癌症。子宮頸癌患者中有99%的比例可偵測到人類乳突病毒，而在陰道癌、外陰癌及口咽癌的患者中約有70%比例感染了人類乳突病毒。雖然預防型疫苗己於2006年上市，但花費高以及涵蓋病毒型約只有70%，對於目前人類乳突病毒相關癌症的全球致死率並無法達到即時抑制的效果。統計發現人類乳突病毒造成口咽癌的男性患者約是女性的3到5倍；所以，人類乳突病毒不僅影響女性也影響到男性。預計於2020年，口咽癌患者將會超過子宮頸癌患者人數。目前，已有三種預防型人類乳突病毒疫苗上市，但尚未證實具有治療被感染細胞及清除人類乳突病毒的能力；因此，治療型人類乳突病毒疫苗仍有其必要性。治療型疫苗可略分為四種：活載體疫苗、蛋白質與胜肽疫苗、DNA疫苗及樹突細胞疫苗，目前都已進行到臨床試驗。將來若可利用人類乳突病毒檢測試劑，確定感染何種人類乳突病毒，即可配合治療型疫苗的施打，用於治療人類乳突病毒感染並預防相關癌症發生。

關鍵字

人類乳突病毒；口咽癌；子宮頸癌；預防型人類乳突病毒疫苗

並列摘要

The identification of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) as a risk factor for genital malignancies creates an opportunity for the control of these cancers through immunotherapy. The HPV is responsible for more 99% of cervical cancer and 70% of virginal, vulvar and oropharyngeal cancer. Although the prophylactic HPV vaccines have been launched in market since 2006, the price is high and cover rate still low. The global mortality of HPV-associated cancer is not reduced. More Importantly, HPV related cancers affect both men and women. Especially, Oropharyngeal cancers caused by HPV are three to five times more common in men than women. By 2020, the number of HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancers is expected to surpass the number of cervical cancers. Currently, three prophylactic vaccines have been approved by FDA for preventing HPV-associated cancer progression. However, there are no evidences to demonstrate these prophylactic vaccines have therapeutic effects against established HPV infections or cancers. Thus, there is an unmet medical need to develop effective therapeutic vaccine to clear established HPV infection and associated diseases. The therapeutic vaccines include lived vector, protein or peptide, nucleic acid, and cell-based vaccine. Some of these therapeutic vaccines have been tested in clinical trials. In the future, combination of HPV genotype screening test and therapeutic vaccine could clear HPV infection and prevent related cancer progression.

並列關鍵字

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) ； oropharyngeal cancer ； cervical cancer ； prophylactic HPV vaccine

國際替代計量

治療型人類乳突病毒疫苗－現在與未來

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