體能活動與失智老人庭園空間設計

Garden Design to Enhance Physical Activity for Older Adults

石佳蓉(Chia-Jung Shih)

《長期照護雜誌》 13卷3期 (2009/12) Pp. 377-388

https://doi.org/10.6317/LTC.200912_13(3).0009

摘要

體能活動被認為可預防慢性病及失智症，美國疾病管制預防中心(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC)及世界衛生組織(World Health Organization, WHO)建議老年人一天累積至少30分鐘的體能活動，例如步行。然而在長照機構有限的室內空間，要執行一天30分鐘的步行計畫有一定的難度，本篇文章建議利用庭園空間增加步行的機會，結合自然環境與體能活動的療效，增進住民健康；許多文獻指出，步行於戶外庭園空間，不但可以調節生理節律，增加維生素D，還可以改善失智症患者的情緒及漫遊行為，有助於增進住民的生活品質，並成為環境資源，協助緩和機構因為室內空間擁擠，所造成的行為衝突。
目前針對老年人或失智症者所發展的庭園設計原則，只提供初步的設計概要與元素，若要利用這些原則，將自然環境的療癒功能與步行計畫結合，則需建立在機構與景觀建築師配合的過程，使庭園空間的利用成為照護計畫的一部分。依照每個長照機構的需求，無論將步行計畫分成一天10、20分鐘或各15分鐘的安排，在約10分鐘的步行時間內，庭園步道的設計、與自然環境的互動計畫和鼓勵或吸引住民行走的庭園設計原則，將仰賴機構與設計師間的相互合作。文章建議機構採取較主動的角色，領導設計方向，使庭園空間與步行計畫的設置成為對健康有益的良方，並傳達長照機構的照護理念。

關鍵字

庭園 ； 長照機構 ； 體能活動 ； 老年人

並列摘要

According to the studies from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and World Health Organization (WHO), the goal of active living is to integrate physical activity into daily life; older adults should accumulate at least 30-minute physical activity (e.g. walking) a day to reduce the risk of chronic diseases and selected cancers. To implement a 30-minute walking program in a long-term care setting, this article argues a garden space is a better alternative than indoor environment. Researchers have argued that walking in a garden benefits not only older adult's well-being but also behavioral management in facilities. Based on their studies, the health of older adults was improved and the behavioral conflicts and accident rate were reduced. To combine therapeutic effect of a garden space and walking program, it necessitates the collaboration between the staff members in facilities and landscape architects. After the duration, frequency, intensity, participants and instructors of walking program are decided, the staff members should work with designers to develop an appropriate design guideline for their own facilities, and also review different design solutions; the purpose is to integrate the nature setting into the walking program, a part of health care delivery system of a facility. During the teamwork, the questions of how a walking path for at least 10 minute walking is designed, how the interaction with nature is emphasized and how the residents are encouraged to walk should be answered. The collaboration will reinforce the therapeutic effect of walking program, and prevent the garden space from being just decoration-the residents receive most benefits from the integration between the walking activity and garden space.

並列關鍵字

garden ； long-term care facility ； physical activity ； older adults