長照的前瞻觀點：預防照護計畫

面臨全球高齡化的趨勢，臺灣的老化速度又比其他國家更加快速，預估在未來的10年內將邁入超高齡社會，因此高齡健康與照護政策更顯迫切。本文將介紹長照的前瞻觀點：預防照護計畫，此計畫乃是以「社區基礎、實證導向及人本服務」等原則建立社區預防照護網絡；同時發展本土、創新，且具實證基礎的照護方案與人才培育。內容針對失能或失智的危險因子設計，包含六項預防照護主題：肌力強化運動、生活功能重建訓練、社會參與、口腔保健、膳食營養及認知促進等，透過徵求活潑、有趣、體驗式且融入社區長輩生活的實證方案，提供每期12週的預防照護活動，於活動過程進行介入前後評值，以作為預防照護計畫之成效評估。因應老年人口快速成長，長照政策除了照顧失能老人外，更重要的是「預防成為被照顧者」，建構活躍老化的友善社區。

關鍵字

長照政策；衰弱老人；預防照護

並列摘要

In the growing trend of aging population around the world, the speed of aging in Taiwan is growing much faster than other countries. It is estimated that in the next 10 years, Taiwan would enter the super-aged society that would pressure senior health and long-term care policies. The paper introduces the program with proactive perspective: preventive care program with the philosophy of community-based as the foundation, evidence-based practice as the direction, with human-oriented procedures. A continuous, integrated community prevention care network that enables the development of localized, innovative, and evidence-based care packages. The content of the program is designed for the risk factors of disability or dementia that include six major prevention modules, namely muscle strengthening exercises, reablement, social participation, oral health, dietary nutrition, and cognitive improvement. Health education is carried out in lively, interesting, and experiential manner that blend in the lives of seniors in the community through 12-week service packages, greatly increasing the willingness and continuation of elderly participation and program effectiveness. Furthermore, through the evaluation before and after intervention, the government can reference prevention care database in promoting health policies. In response to the rapid growth of the senior population, beside the long-term care of disabled elderlies, it is more important for the policy impact to focus on the prevention of seniors in becoming recipients of care, and increase positive understanding of the word ＂old＂ to bring about active aging.