運動護智－如何有效運動以預防及延緩失智

Protecting Cognition by Physical Activity - How to Prevent and Delay Dementia Effectively by Physical Activity

林佩欣(Pay-Shin Lin)

《長期照護雜誌》 21卷3期 (2017/12) Pp. 211-223

https://doi.org/10.6317/LTC.21.207

摘要

隨著國人的平均壽命延長，我國即將邁入高齡社會，失智症長輩的人口也逐年攀升，其照護問題已成為許多家庭及社會的沉重負擔。對於失智症，既然藥物無法治癒，預防便成為相對重要課題。近年已有許多研究顯示非藥物處置方式的效果，其中包含：運動或體能活動、地中海飲食、認知訓練、增加社會參與、減少心血管疾病因子等，皆可降低罹患失智症之風險，且這些方法都要越早開始效果越佳。近來運動或體能活動對於認知功能促進或維持廣獲研究，具有良好的實證效果。隨著長照2.0政策開始在社區大量推廣預防及延緩失能失智活動，本文藉由實證文獻回顧的整理，探討身體活動量與認知功能的關係、運動或體能活動對於認知正常、輕度認知障礙及失智長者分別的效果，最後歸納出如何有效運動以預防及延緩、甚至改善失智的建議，包含運動種類、強度、頻率、特殊元素及指導原則。

關鍵字

運動 ； 身體活動 ； 失智 ； 認知障礙 ； 預防

並列摘要

The number of older people with dementia or cognitive impairment is escalating as population life expectancy increasing in Taiwan. Caring for the dementia has taxed huge burden for many family and the whole society. Therefore, ways to prevent or delay the disease has become substantial since still no curing medications for dementia so far. Research has shown evidences of non-pharmacological interventions, namely engaging physical activity or exercise, healthy diet, cognition training, social participation, and decreasing cardiovascular risk factors, on reducing the risk of developing dementia. Among them, research about the effect of physical activity or exercise increases recently and provides significant and consistent evidences. As the initiation of the Long-term Care Policy 2.0 in Taiwan in 2016, one of the important campaigns is to develop and implement innovative programs for preventing and delaying disability and dementia widely in communities. According to the demand, this article provides evidences from literatures review to look at how physical activity or fitness level correlated with cognitive function cross-sectionally and longitudinally, and to investigate the effects of physical activity or exercise on older people with normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia respectively. To sum up, suggestions of effective exercise mode, intensity, frequency, special design and considerations for preventing, delaying and even improving dementia were provided.

並列關鍵字

exercise ； physical activity ； dementia ； cognitive impairment ； prevention

參考文獻

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