The goal that we are trying to achieve within gifted and talented education is the goals that we care about for equality of opportunity and social justice that providing excellence for all. This paper aimed to explore the research and trend of underrepresented gifted and talented students in USA and Taiwan, including Javits Grant, Excellent Gap report in USA, and research projects funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology in Taiwan. The authors expect that this study could contribute to future work in Taiwan's gifted and talented education.