為什麼創新先驅成為後進者？臺北市政府的行車倒數計時顯示器政策學習過程

Why did the Pioneer Turn into a Follower? The Policy Learning Process of Taipei City's Adoption of Traffic Signal Countdown Displays

陳序廷(Hsu-Ting Chen) ； 黃東益(Tong-Yi Huang)

《公共行政學報》 40期 (2011/09) Pp. 77-112

https://doi.org/10.30409/JPA.201109_(40).0003

摘要

在全球化與資訊通訊科技的脈絡下，各級政府間為解決政策問題或改善政策績效而相互進行政策學習已成為趨勢，可以說是一種運用標竿學習來提升治理能力的思維模式。本文以臺北市政府的行車倒數計時顯示器政策為個案，透過檔案研究法和深度訪談相關決策與執行人員，探討過去一向是「創新先驅」的臺北市在此政策中成為「後進者」的原因，及其學習過程和影響因素，希冀這個特殊個案能為相關領域累積本土個案的探索性研究。研究發現，在不具備技術可行性和政治可欲性的「雙重否決」情形下，致使臺北市在行車倒數計時顯示器的設置上成為後進者。隨著時勢推移，本個案的主要學習驅力則是政治可欲性推動技術可行性再次評估，而學習對象之選擇受到其顯示型式是否為紅燈倒數以及地理區位因素影響，直接學習管道主要由非正式的菁英網絡建立，從中流通資訊促進政策學習，且政策學習主要發生在政策評估與政策規劃兩個階段。臺北市也因較晚推動而獲得較其他縣市更為充分的資訊，形成「後進者的創新」，甚至直接影響中央法規的修訂。根據以上初步發現，本文建議未來除在學術上應豐富有關學習動機之研究外，並將政策學習理論結合實務的管理面，建置政策知識庫以及制度化的政策學習網絡，讓地方政府的施政經驗得以保存、累積與流通應用，以作為政策知識管理和學習的有效後盾，提昇政策績效。

關鍵字

政策學習 ； 政策移植 ； 移植網絡 ； 政治可欲性 ； 行車倒數計時顯示器

並列摘要

Under the influence of globalization and Information and Communication Technologies, governments at all levels get more chances to cross boundaries in order to run policy learning as a way to solve policy problem or to promote policy performance. By means of benchmarking, policy learning has formed gradually a new trend to improve governance.This study takes ”Taipei City's Adoption of Traffic Signal Countdown Displays” as a case. The authors intend to look over the process and contributing factors of policy learning, and to realize why a pioneer-like capital shows its retardation in this case. By literature review and in-depth interviews with officers of Taipei Traffic Engineering Office, this study digs out that lack of technical practicality and political desirability, (named ”Doubly reject”) had Taipei City's policymakers set up the traffic signal countdown displays later than other cities for a couple of years. By re-assessing the policy from political desirability to technical practicality, policy learning happened eventually in the phases of policy evaluation and policymaking, and built on a non-elite network as a learning channel. Taipei City's experience turned out to be an ”innovation of follower” due to more sufficient information, and had an impact on revising the legislation.The author integrate different policy learning theories and apply it in an abnormal case as main contribution in academic way; by way of gathering relevant information and extracting the research results, this study looks forward to offering practical suggestions as a reference of a policy learning mechanism.

並列關鍵字

policy learning ； policy transfer ； transfer network ； political desirability ； traffic signal countdown displays

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