氣候變遷下的網絡觀點：探索環境政治協商的複雜性

The Network Perspective in Climate Change: Exploring the Negotiation Complexity of Environmental Politics

謝儲鍵(Chu-Chien Hsieh)

《公共行政學報》 56期 (2019/03) Pp. 171-187

https://doi.org/10.30409/JPA.201903_(56).0006

摘要

氣候變遷在近年來已成為全球各國政府，在環境議題上最大的挑戰。本書深刻地描繪出公民社會行動者，如何在氣候議題下推展的工作與付出的努力。作者主要想與行動者、倡議者及政策制定者建議，應該多投入在氣候變遷議題中。首先，作者觀察行動主義者在重要關係上的協商，產生了集體行動的結果。作者透過社會網絡概念，對於政府、NGOs、公民社會的行動者，解釋了環境政治互動下的網絡關係。尤其，跨國行動者的網絡關係，如何在氣候變遷議題下對政策制定產生影響。解釋組織決策時，「網絡關係」（network ties）比成員背景來得更加重要。此外，政治機會在環境政治與治理範疇內顯得相當重要，特別是公民社會行動者的組成複雜性。Hadden教授特別提到網絡的規模，與行動者的連結程度可能並非完全正向相關。書中談到組織行為可回應到所謂的網絡機會（政治過程論），策略則反映出組織的意識形態、結構與資源（組織理論）。此書對於台灣公共行政學界之貢獻可以分為兩塊：一、對於環境治理研究，加強網絡概念於政策制定的互動關係；二、將網絡分析工具帶入政策制定過程，從行動者的角色、結構與功能進行探討，瞭解對於決策結果的影響力。

關鍵字

氣候變遷 ； 社會網絡 ； 環境政治 ； 集體行動 ； 公民社會

並列摘要

Climate change has become the severest challenge for global governments over time. This book deeply demonstrates the actors' efforts devoted to the issue of climate change in global civil society to convince activists, advocates, and policy-makers to participate in the social movement for environmental policies. First of all, Hadden observed the negotiation process in crucial relations for activists that eventually produced collective action. Prof. Hadden explained the network relationships of political interaction among the actors in public sectors, NGOs, and civil society through the concept of social networking. In particular, one core value of this book is to understand how the network relationships of transnational actors influence policy-making performance with respect to climate change. Actually, the network ties are more important than attributes to describe and explain organizational policy decisions. Otherwise, political opportunity is crucial in terms of environment and governance, especially based on the complexity of the actors in civil society. Meanwhile, the organizational behaviors respond to network opportunity (political process theory), and tactics reflect organizational ideology, structure, and resources (organizational theory). The contribution of this book for Taiwan's public administration includes the following: first, it strengthens the network concept applied to interactive relationships; second, it introduces network analysis to the policy-making process through actors' roles, structures and functions to understand the influence of decision-making results.

並列關鍵字

climate change ； social networking ； environmental politics ； collective action ； civil society

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