教師職業病風險評估調查一以自覺嗓者健康問題為例

Teacher Occupational Disease Assessment Survey 一 Self-Perceived Voice Health Problem

董貞吟(Chen-Yin Tung) ； 殷蘊雯(Yun-Wen Yin) ； 黃乾全(Chyan-Chyuan Huang) ； 宋慧娟(Hui-Chuan Sung) ； 張家儒(Chia-Ju Chang)

《學校衛生》 40期 (2002/06) Pp. 1-21

https://doi.org/10.30026/CJSH.200206.0001

摘要

教師由於長期用聲教學，為嗓者門診病患比率最高的職業族群，其嗓音健康問題值得重視。本研究目的在於比較教師在自覺噪音健康問題、嗓音保健知識及習慣等方面與對照組之差異，並評估教師職業嗓音健康風險性。樣本採立意取樣選取四所北市較吵國小之女性教師104名，依年齡配對104 位同學區非噪音職業之學童母親或上班族，經結構式問卷調查，回收率98.1%。研究主要發現為：一、教師組高達3成曾因音聲或喉部異常就醫，對照組卻不到一成。二、教師組在噪音保健知識方面答對率為六成，對照組為五成，皆有待加強。三、噪音保健習慣方面，教師組顯著較對照組不良的嗓音健康習慣為提高音量說話，清喉嚨與情緒波動大。四、嗓音健康方面，教師姐在10個嗓音徵狀皆顯著高於對照組，普通徵狀為喉嚨乾、喉嚨緊，此外，失聲在教師組高達12.2%，對照組僅1.0%。五、教師整體嗓音健康與教師嗓者保健習慣有顯著相關。六、自覺嗓者健康十個徵狀上，教師組有顯著較對照組高的風險性，其中經常失聲的相對風險性為13.47，值得重視。

關鍵字

教師 ； 職業病 ； 噪音健康

並列摘要

Teachers run the high risk of voice disorder because they often use their voice when teaching and also the high ratio of outpatient services. The main purpose of the study is to compare the self-perceived voice health problem, voice health knowledge, and habit of teachers. And finally estimate the voice health risk possibility. The sample was chosen 104 female teachers out of 4 the most noisy elementary schools in Taipei city and compared with the non-voice occupational mothers of student or officers. The percentage of the valid questionnaires is 98.1%. The conclusion 01 the outcomes are: 1. More than 30% of which teachers have voice or throat problem, and meet the doctor. 2. The percentage of teachers' right answer ratio is 60%, and the control is 50%. They both need to be improved. 3. The habit aspect of health, teachers almost have the problem of speaking loundly.4. In the aspect of voice health, teachers in the 10 symptoms are all higher than control. General ones are throat dryness and throat tightness. Otherwise, teachers have aphonia in a high percentage of 12.2%, and the control is 1%. 5. As a while, which have a high relationship between teachers' voice health and voice health habit. 6. Among 10 self-perceived voice health problems, teachers all have the high risk ratio, and even aphonia is 13.47. It must be cared.

並列關鍵字

teachers ； occupational disease ； voice health

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