台北市某國中學生預防齲齒行爲之研究－健康信念模式之應用

Preventive Behavior of Dental Caries among junior high School Students in Taipei City Based on the Health Belief Model

葉瀞云(Ching-Yun Yeh) ； 胡益進(Yih-Jin Hu)

《學校衛生》 58期 (2011/06) Pp. 45-68

https://doi.org/10.30026/CJSH.201106.0003

摘要

本研究依據健康信念模式設計自填結構式問卷來探討國中學生預防齲齒行為現況及其相關因素，對七至九年級學生分層集束抽得有效樣本383人結果如下：一、研究對象罹患性認知、障礙性認知偏低。口腔保健知識、嚴重性認知、利益性認知、自我效能及行動線索較高。不同情境下自我效能：家裡高於學校高於其他公共場所；時間充足高於時間緊迫；洗手台水源充足高於不足；有人提醒高於無人提醒；用具齊全高於缺少用具。預防齲齒行為為中上程度：以早上及睡前都會刷牙最多，使用含氟漱口水最低。二、男生罹患性認知高於女生；預防齲齒行為表現女生優於男生、七年級生為三個年級中最佳。高社經背景自我效能優於中社經地位。三、研究對象之口腔保健知識、利益性認知、自我效能越高，而罹患性認知、障礙性認知越低，越傾向採取預防齲齒行為。四、研究對象之背景因素、健康信念、行動線索等變項對預防齲齒行為解釋力達46.5%。顯著變項為性別、年級、障礙性認知、與自我效能，自我效能影響力最大，障礙性認知次之。

關鍵字

國中學生 ； 預防齲齒行為 ； 健康信念模式

並列摘要

Based on the Health Belief Model, this research investigated preventive behaviors of dental caries and related factors among junior high school students. The study subjects were randomly sampled from the 7th to 9th grade students by stratified cluster sampling method. The total number of valid samples was 383. The results of this research are as following:1. The score of participants in perceived susceptibility of dental caries and perceived barriers of action to prevent dental caries was below the medium. The score of participants in oral healthy knowledge, perceived severity, perceived benefits, self-efficacy, and cues to action was above the medium. Self-efficacy in different situations was as listed below: ”At home” was higher than ”at school”, and ”at school” was higher than ”at a public place except the school”. ”When there's plenty of time” was higher than ”when there's insufficient time”. ”With sufficient wash basin and water source” was higher than ”without sufficient wash basin and water source”. ”Reminded by someone” was higher than ”no one reminded”. ”With complete oral hygiene tools” was higher than ”without oral hygiene tools”. The score of participants in preventive behaviors of dental caries was above the medium. The most popular preventive behavior was ”I brushed my teeth before bedtime and in the morning.” The worst one was ”I used mouthwash with fluoride every week”.2. Regarding gender of the participants, ”perceived susceptibility of dental caries” of male is higher than that of female. ”Preventive behavior of dental caries” of female is better than that of male. For grade, the 7th grade students show best ”preventive behavior of dental caries”. For the family's social/economic status, students form high degree family's social/economic status show better ”self-efficacy to prevent dental caries” than those from medium ones.3. The participants who got high scores in ”oral health knowledge”, ”Perceived benefits of action”, ”self-efficacy,” and low scores in ”Perceived susceptibility”, ”Perceived barriers of action”, have a higher tendency to adopt ”preventive behavior of dental caries” than others.4. The following factors: ”the demographic characteristics”, ”cue in action” and ”Health belief”; explain 46.5% of participants' decision to preventive behavior of dental caries measures. The four major predictive factors are listed as below: sex, grade, perceived barriers of action and self-efficacy. The most effective one is self-efficacy, and the next one is perceived barriers of action.

並列關鍵字

junior high school student ； preventive behavior of dental caries ； health belief model

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