核質互作雄不稔性狀於番椒雜交種子採種之研究

Study on Gene-Cytoplasmic Male Sterility of Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) to Produce Hybrid Seed

李美娟(Mei-Jiuan Lee) ； 陳盛義(Sunny Chen) ； 蕭吉雄(Chi-Hsiung Shiau)

《植物種苗》 6卷4期 (2004/12) Pp. 31-42

https://doi.org/10.30077/SN.200412.0003

摘要

番椒核質互作型雄不稔性狀於低溫下，有時可恢復稔性產生正常花粉。為檢定核質互作雄不稔辣椒品系TBC4A之穩定性，於1997年10月16日起至隔年7月15日，共39週，每週檢查花粉稔實性，結果不論在網室或田間，雄不稔株於高溫期(10/16-10/24; 4/29-7/15)雄不稔性狀較穩定，約有10%植株可產生極微量花粉，而於冬春季低溫期，花粉變為可稔之株數百分率提高，網室植株約為15%，田間為20-40%，統計結果花粉變為可稔之植株百分率與溫度成顯著之負相關，相關係數為-0.42(上標 **)~-0.46(上標 **)。以核質互作雄不稔辣椒品系TBC4A為母本，紫花雄可稔品系C476為父本，探討雄不稔品系開放自然授粉生產雜交種子之可行性，結果在父母本1:1的比例，未人工釋放蜜蜂情況下，計算270個標示花朵，結果46%的花朵著果結實，未授粉而落花為48.5%，其餘5.5%為單為結果。蜜蜂授粉著果之132果，平均每果種子數為37粒，與人工授粉之42粒無顯著差異，種子播種之植株都具有父本之紫花紫莖性狀。故以雄不稔系進行隔離蜜蜂授粉生產辣椒F1種子，實為可行，但採種時期應避免雄不稔性狀不穩定之低溫期。

關鍵字

番椒 ； 雄不稔 ； 一代雜交種子

並列摘要

Some gene-cytoplasmic male sterile (G-CMS) pepper varieties sometimes can produce normal fertile pollens under low temperature. For identifying the stability of male-sterile trait, we cultured pollens of G-C MS line TBC4A once per week from 16 Oct. in 1997 to 15 Jul. in 1998. Only 10% of TBC4A line plants produced extreme few pollens under higher temperature (during 16 Oct. to 24 Oct. in 1997 and 29 Apr. to 15 Jul. in 1998) regardless grew in net-house or in the field. But during cold season, the percentage of fertile plants was raised, 15% in net-house and 20~40% in the field. The percentage of fertile plants negative correlated significantly with temperature and the correlation coefficient was -0.42(superscript **)~-0.46(superscript **). To study feasibility of producing pepper hybrid seeds by honeybee pollinators, we grew G-C MS line TBC4A as female parents and male fertile line C476 as male parents in pepper isolated field by open pollination. The ratio of male to female plants was 1:1 and population of honeybee pollinators was natural in the field without releasing artificially. The result was that 46% of tagged flowers (n=270) set fruits, 48.5% aborted and 5.5% set fruits without seeds i.e. parthenocarpy. Seeds number per fruit was 37 by open pollination that was not significantly different to seeds number per fruit was 42 by hand pollination. We concluded that it is practicable to produce pepper hybrid seeds by pollinators with G-C MS female parents grow in isolated field. But do not produce hybrid seeds under cold seasons inducing G-C MS pepper to produce fertile pollens.

並列關鍵字

pepper ； male-sterility ； F1 hybrid seed