台灣馬鈴薯產業80年之回顧與展望

Retrospect and Prospect of Taiwan's Eighty-Year Potato Industry

林上湖(Shang-Hu Lin) ； 鍾文全(Wen-Quan Zhong) ； 楊佐琦(Zuo-Qi Yang)

《植物種苗》 12卷4期 (2010/12) Pp. 1-23

https://doi.org/10.30077/SN.201012.0001

摘要

馬鈴薯自日治時期引進栽培至今，經過八十餘年來之演進栽培產區由最初期之北台灣逐漸南移至中南部地區；目前已為臺中、雲林、嘉義等地秋冬水田重要之裡作。1973年健康種薯繁殖體系實施後栽培面積與年總產量分別較之日治時期增加12倍與30.14倍；單位面積產量比日治時期提高2.36倍；單位面積產值為繁殖體系實施前之7.24倍。自1982年迄2007年間影響生產成本最高之前5名因素依次為人工費、種苗費、肥料費、包工費及農藥費，其中人工費用呈現下滑趨勢，但相對包工費用則是逐漸增加。此外銷售價格中農場價格與生產成本之價差約為5.57元；批發市場價格與生產成本之價差約為7.68元；零售市場價格與批發市場價格價差約為22.36元；加上生產者多不具有貯藏、冷藏及採收與運輸之工具，致而盤商與生產者間在獲利上並不對等。目前健康種薯繁殖制度，仍舊維持種薯生產三級制度之精神，亦即組織培養、基本種（G1）至原原種（G2）階段係由種苗改良繁殖場生產，原種（G3）及採種（G4）階段則由地方農會接續量產。惟每年生產數量仍不足以完成全面更新；加上適合加工之品種明顯不足，因而品種之研發與取得及健康種薯制度之推動將左右產業未來之發展。

關鍵字

馬鈴薯 ； 種薯 ； 健康種苗

並列摘要

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivation was introduced during the Japanese colonial period. In the last 80 years potato area gradually shifted from northern to central and southern Taiwan. Potato cultivation in autumn and winter paddy is very important in Taichung, Yunlin, and Chiayi regions. Healthy seed propagation system has been implemented since 1973, resulting in increasing in cultivation area, annual total production, yield per unit area and the production value per unit area by 12 times, 30.14 times, 2.36 times and 7.24 times, respectively, compared with the Japanese occupation era. In 1982-2007, the top five items affecting production cost were the labor costs, seed, fertilizers, contracting costs and pesticide. Labor costs showed a downward trend, whereas the relative contracting costs increased. Price difference was NT$ 5.57 dollars between farm price and production cost, NT$ 7.68 dollars in wholesale market price and production cost, and NT$ 22.36 dollars in retail price and wholesale price, respectively. In addition, many producers did not have equipment for storage, cold storage, harvest and transportation, resulting in profit imbalance between the providers and producers. Healthy seed propagation system still maintains three-tier system, including tissue culture, generation 1 (G1), generation 2 (G2), gerneration 3 (G3) and generation 4 (G4). G1 and G2 are produced by the Seed Improvement and Propagation Station, whereas G3 and G4 are produced by the regional farmer associations. However, the annual production and varieties suitable for processing are insufficient for the need of total production average. Therefore, research and development of suitable varieties and promotion of healthy seed propagation systems will be a key point for enhancing potato production in the future.

並列關鍵字

potato ； seed potato ； healthy seedling