推動無病毒健康種苗策略之檢討與期待

Some Reviews and Prospects of the Application of Healthy Planting mMaterial Strategy on Disease Control in Taiwan

張清安(Chin-An Chang)

《植物種苗》 13卷1期 (2011/03) Pp. 1-20

https://doi.org/10.30077/SN.201103.0001

摘要

栽培健康無病的種苗是農業生產自古以來必然遵循的原則。我國政府過去超過半世紀的農業施政也是將健康種苗視為重點發展的項目，民國50-60年代從水稻、馬鈴薯及香蕉等作物之推廣上已充分印證了健康種苗的重要與必要性。此一時期的發展更奠定了我國在健康種苗技術發展上的經驗基礎，同時也培育出眾多優秀的人才。70-80年代由於經濟的起飛與國力之逐漸壯旺，健康種苗之施政策略更擴及到許多園藝與觀賞作物上，其中尤以在百香果、柑橘、甘薯、豇豆及綠竹筍等作物推廣上成效卓著。90年代以後我國農業發展雖然受到土地與工資成本的限制而逐漸進入瓶頸期，然而高附加價值的園藝產品卻躍升成為主流項目，其中蝴蝶蘭更曾經一度在產量與產值上高居國際首位。台灣外銷之文心蘭及火鶴花切花目前仍屬日本市場市佔率最高之輸入產品。不可諱言的這些花卉作物產業的強勢發展與其健康種苗之成熟運用有極密切之關係，這必須歸功於過去五十年來產官學研界所累積之人才與經驗，方能達成如此之成就。二十世紀以來國際植物種苗產業最具競爭力的國家非荷蘭莫屬，歸究其因也與其在健康種苗概念的全面產業化落實有絕對的相關。我國未來農產業發展將無可規避的會面臨各種嚴峻的挑戰，健康種苗的運用絕對是一項無法忽視的必要策略。本文的目的希望能回顧與檢討過去我國推展無病毒健康種苗策略的得失，整理過去成功運用此一策略的因素與作法。同時筆者也將根據國際發展之趨勢與自身參與幾項作物健康種苗策略推動之經驗，提出野人獻曝之建言以供未來農產業發展之參考。

關鍵字

健康種苗 ； 病毒 ； 病毒病害 ； 病害防治 ； 種子 ； 種苗

並列摘要

Healthy planting materials have been considered since ancient era as the foundation of a fruitful production of agricultural crops. Since the middle of last century, implementation of healthy planting materials provision system has always been the key strategy for Taiwan government to control plant diseases. In the early 1970s, the successful promotion of clean rice seeds, virus-free seed potatoes and banana clones has proved the control strategy to be effective and essential. During that period of time, fundamental technologies and experiences for healthy planting material production program were established and talent specialists were trained. Following the period of 1980s-1990s, similar programs also extended to many economically important horticultural and ornamental crops and obtained fruitful outcomes especially in passionfruits, citrus, sweet potatoes, asparagus beans and green bamboos. In the age of 2000s, the development of agriculture in Taiwan was constrained due to the limitation of land and labor resources. Nevertheless, high added valued ornamental crops became the most competitive agricultural products in this era. For example, Taiwan's phalaenopsis orchids were once the number one exporter in the world market. Besides, we are still the biggest exporter for oncidium and anthurium cut flowers in Japanese floral market. I believe this achievement is closely related to the successful implementation of healthy planting material concept and strategy, which are promoted by the technologies, experiences and talent specialists accumulated in the past fifty years. Furthermore, the example of the Netherland's outstanding seed and planting material industry in the international market also explains fully the importance of the application of healthy planting materials. Taiwan, as an island country similar to the Netherland, the development of planting material industry has been considered by agriculture economists as the most potential and favorable business to pursue. This paper is to review the experiences gained from the implementation of healthy planting material programs in 13 different crops in Taiwan in the past 5 decades. I will also discuss some factors that may affect the successful privatization of the propagation system. Furthermore, my personal opinions on the prospects of application of healthy planting material strategy on disease control in Taiwan will be also discussed herein.

並列關鍵字

pathogen-free planting material ； disease control ； virus ； pathogen ； seeds ； seedlings