扇形文心蘭生物學研究概況

A Survey of Biology Research in Erycina Pusilla

邱翊恬(Yi-Tien Chiu) ； 張正(Chen Chang)

《植物種苗》 13卷1期 (2011/03) Pp. 21-30

https://doi.org/10.30077/SN.201103.0002

摘要

扇形文心蘭為文心蘭亞族的原生種蘭花，於原生地通常附生在小型細枝上。學名經多次分類訂正與更名，已從文心蘭屬移出，獨立為扇形文心蘭屬。扇形文心蘭株高僅4-8 cm，株形呈扇形，單軸莖且無假球莖。於原生地可全年開花，開花習性屬續花型，花主色為黃色。目前育種利用，僅曾登錄一個雜交後代。扇形文心蘭具有瓶內開花的特性，從培養基組成份、培養環境的光週期和溫度的研究曾被發表，建立有利於扇形文心蘭試管內花梗發育的培養條件。扇形文心蘭生長快速，幼年期短，具有蘭科植物中最少的染色體數，和基因組小等特性，未來也期望將經由基因定序、建立基因轉殖的方法，期能成為蘭科植物中科學研究的模式植物。

關鍵字

扇形文心蘭 ； 染色體數 ； 試管內開花 ； 育種

並列摘要

Erycina pusilla is a species of epiphyte orchid native to the tropic and South Americas. In taxonomy, it belonged to the Oncidiinae. However, the scientific name of the orchid had been revised many times, and was transferred from Oncidium to Erycina in 2001. The morphological characteristics of this orchid are the fan-shaped monopodial stem and lack of a pseudobulb which are easily to distinguish with other Oncidium members. The raceme inflorescence bears flowers in succession around the year in the habitation. The orchids flowering in vitro had been observed many times. Only one hybrid was recorded in RHS using this orchid as one of the parents. Erycina pusilla had been observed the in vitro flowering habitation before 50 years ago. In recent years, researches were focused on the culture media, photoperiod and temperature regulation in order to enhance the floral spike initiation and growth in vitro. The orchid grows rapid and reaches reproduction maturity in nature within one year. The chromosome numbers are the smallest in Orchidaceae, the genome sizes are smaller than most orchids. Hopefully, the whole genome sequencing and the transgenic transformation technology of this orchid will be established in the future. Moreover, the orchid will become the model plant for the research on Orchidaceae.

並列關鍵字

Erycina pusilla ； Chromosome ； In vitro flowering ； Breeding