石蒜屬分類證據再檢視

Survey Taxonomy Evidence of the Genus Lycoris

彭俊翰(Chun-Han Peng) ； 張正(Chen Chang)

《植物種苗》 15卷3期 (2013/09) Pp. 35-48

摘要

石蒜屬植物具見花不見葉，見葉不見花的特殊夏天休眠習性，夏秋間開花，花莖直立，花形獨特，可做為切花及庭園觀賞植物。石蒜屬為東亞特有屬植物，約有21個物種，其中7個是原生種，10個為天然雜交種，未知種則有4種。由各原生地植物誌紀載，臺灣與金門馬祖記載3種石蒜，中國植物誌記載15種，日本植物誌記載5種，韓國6種。石蒜屬植物可依形態分類、核型分析及分子標誌親緣鑑定進行分類。石蒜經常產生種間雜交，天然雜交種眾多，難以僅依靠形態特徵辨別石蒜種間關係。石蒜屬各個物種又因所含染色體著絲點位置不同，可分為A、MT與MT-A三種核型，A核型種有5種，MT核型種有4種，MTA核型種有8種，未知核型種有4種，核型為石蒜屬植物分類重要依據。分子標誌親緣關係鑑定技術可鑑定石蒜天然雜交種、種間及種內變異程度，細胞核基因分析的結果與核型分析相符合。

關鍵字

石蒜 ； 分類 ； 核型 ； 形態 ； 分子標誌

並列摘要

The genus Lycoris is a perennial herb tunicate bulb that produces leaves in late autumn or early spring. Lycoris is dormancy in summer and flowering in late summer or early autumn, bear erect scapes with unique umbel that suitable for cut flower or garden plants. The genus Lycoris comprises approximately 21 species native to East Asia. Of these species, 7 are native populations, 10 are natural hybrid species, and 4 remain unidentified. According to flora, Taiwan, Kinmen and Matsu Islands is home to 3 species of Lycoris, whereas 15 species are found in China, 5 species are found in Japan, and 6 species are found in Korea. The taxonomy of the genus Lycoris includes morphological classification, karyotype analysis, and phylogenetic identification of molecular markers for classification. Interspecific hybridization of Lycoris occurs frequently, resulting in numerous natural hybrids. Thus, distinguishing Lycoris based solely on the morphological differences between species is difficult. Because each species has a characteristic chromosomal centromere position, Lycoris species can be divided according to the 3 karyotypes A, MT, and MT-A. Among the Lycoris species, 5 species exhibit an A karyotype, 4 species exhibit an MT karyotype, and 8 species exhibit an MTA karyotype; the karyotype of the remaining 4 species is unknown. Karyotype is an important basis for classification Lycoris. Molecular marker techniques developed for kinship identification can be used to identify interspecific and intraspecific variations in natural hybrids of Lycoris. Nuclear gene analysis results consistent with karyotyping.

並列關鍵字

Lycoris ； Taxonomy ； karyotype ； morphology ； molecular make