番木瓜種子靜置處理及儲藏行為

Fermentation Treatment and Storage Behavior on Papaya (Carica papaya L.) Seed

何育如(Yu-Ju Ho) ； 陳易徵(I-Cheng Chen) ； 楊雯如(Wen-Ju Yang)

《植物種苗》 18卷2期 (2016/06) Pp. 47-60

摘要

番木瓜（Carica papaya L.）種子儲型屬於中間型，新鮮種子含水率（moisture content，MC）高，降低含水率可以增加種子活力。‘臺農2號’番木瓜商業果實的新鮮種子含水率約為75%，含水率調降至約10%，即乾燥調製種子，可增加發芽率及種子活力。種子採收後，靜置處理番木瓜種子可以幫助去除肉質種皮；非密閉（AE）或密閉（AN）靜置環境皆會降低新鮮種子發芽能力，對乾燥調製種子當下的發芽率及活力無不良影響，但靜置天數越長，對低溫儲藏的敏感性越高，尤以AN環境靜置處理之種子為最明顯。AE環境靜置6天以內，乾燥調製種子在0、5、10℃三種溫度下有24個月儲藏壽命。以0.625%次氯酸鈉溶液處理種子，處理後的種子發芽率均提升至90%以上，且可發育為正常苗。此結果顯示，次氯酸鈉前處理可以提升0及5℃下儲藏之種子的發芽能力。低溫儲藏可能造成種子休眠，經次氯酸鈉前處理雖可打破休眠，但低溫儲藏的種子相對發芽速率及胚根生長速率仍較低。

關鍵字

休眠 ； 含水率 ； 次氯酸鈉 ； 加速老化 ； 種子活力 ； 種子處理 ； 靜置處理 ； 發芽率

並列摘要

Papaya (Carica papaya L.) seeds have been categorized as intermediated storage behavior. Fresh seeds have high moisture content (MC), and lowering the moisture could enhance seed vigour. The moisture content of fresh seeds of 'Tainung No. 2' papaya commercial fruit was approximately 75%. Adjusting seed moisture content to near 10%, designed as dry seed, could improve germination percentage and seed vigour. Papaya seeds are often fermented to ease the removal of sarcotesta. Both aerobic (AE) and anaerobic (AN) fermentation conditions would decrease the viability of fresh seed, while these two conditions did not negatively affect the initial germination and seed vigour of dry seeds. Longer fermentation time may increase the sensitivity of low temperature storage, particularly the seeds that fermented in AN condition. The final germination of seeds that fermented in AE condition in 6 days and less were maintained in regardless of 0, 5, and 10℃stored temperature within 24 months storage. Pretreatment of 0.625% of sodium hypochlorite resulted seed germination ≥ 90% in all treatment, and the seeds were able to develop into normal seedlings. This result revealed that the germination ability of those seeds stored at 0 and 5℃ could be resumed, which suggested that low temperature may lead to seed dormancy and sodium hypochlorite could break it. However, the germination rate and radicle emergence rate of low temperature stored seeds were still relative slower.

並列關鍵字

dormancy ； moisture content ； sodium hypochlorite ； accelerated aging ； seed treatment ； fermentation ； germination