戰後中國東南地區之獸疫防治（1947-1948）

隨著西方獸醫學的傳入，血清與疫苗的使用改變了近代中國動物防疫的方式。戰後中國為防止動物疾病流行造成經濟上的損失，制定全國獸疫防治計劃，將全國分區，在各區設置獸疫防治處負責處理該區防疫事宜。東南獸疫防治處在此背景下成立，其轄區包含江蘇、浙江、安徽、江西、湖北、福建、廣東等省。東南獸疫防治處的防治工作主要是製造生物藥品和防治獸疫，其運用家畜診療、防疫、檢疫三種形式防止疾病流行。透過實際的案例，本文發現該處的防疫多為事後的補救，事先預防的效果極為有限，各疫區對於防治觀念的落差、傳統治療與西方新技術之間的衝突，影響了防治的效果，防治的運作過程，可以進一步思考中央對於地方控制力的問題。而觀察生物藥品的種類和製造，反映了當時中國東南地區動物流行病的類型和藥品生產技術的水準，其藥品供需、製造，與其他地區的獸疫防治處有相互分工的情形。

關鍵字

東南獸疫防治處；獸疫防治；防疫；動物流行病；獸疫學；血清；疫苗

並列摘要

As veterinary medicine was introduced into China, the use of serum and bacterin changed the methods of epizootic prevention and cure in 20th century. After WWII, the China Government set up National Epizootic Plan to avoid the animals' accidental death to cause the economic loss. Under this plan, it divided China provinces into 16 areas and set up 7 epizootic prevention bureaus. Therefore, the Southeast Epizootic Prevention Bureau was established under this background and its main tasks include developing biological drugs and prevent or control the veterinary diseases by livestock diagnosis, epidemic prevention and quarantine…methods. After studying some cases, we found that Southeast Epizootic Prevention Bureau has nearly influence on epidemic prevention work because the conflict between of Chinese traditional treatment and Western technology or the epidemic concept difference between central and local government. In other words, we can try to think about China central government management of local control from these epidemic prevention cases or process. Besides, we also make a description on biological medicine development which reflects the current technology level, epidemic type and how to co-work with other epizootic prevention bureaus.